贝雷架钢桥的静动力荷载试验研究

文章结合工程实例,通过对贝雷梁桥梁静动力荷载试验,指出贝雷架钢桥连接部分存在联系不够紧密、桥梁横向分配性较差、桥面的振动感觉明显及钢梁易锈蚀等问题。提出了改善贝雷架钢桥结构的力学性能和使用状况,加强结构的定期检查及监测等相关建议。     

浅析盾构隧道模型试验的现状与发展

模型试验是盾构隧道相关研究工作中常用的研究手段。文章对目前盾构隧道模型试验所涉及到的问题进行了系统总结分析,将其归结为管片结构的受力问题、隧道结构本身的分析模型问题、结构与围岩的相互作用问题、开挖面稳定问题、结构与邻近结构物的相互作用问题、隧道施工扰动与控制问题,以及其他问题等。通过典型模型试验实例,对每类问题进行了分析阐述,系统归纳了模型试验在盾构隧道相关研究工作中的进展和成果。针对盾构隧道模型试验经常涉及到的诸如结构模型、模型土、模型箱等材料的选择,加载方案的设计,以及试验方案的综合设计等问题进行了阐述分析,并针对性地提出了意见和建议。     

Real time queue length estimation for signalized intersections using travel times from mobile sensors

We study how to estimate real time queue lengths at signalized intersections using intersection travel times collected from mobile traffic sensors. The estimation is based on the observation that critical pattern changes of intersection travel times or delays, such as the discontinuities (i.e., sudden and dramatic increases in travel times) and non-smoothness (i.e., changes of slopes of travel times), indicate signal timing or queue length changes. By detecting these critical points in intersection travel times or delays, the real time queue length can be re-constructed. We first introduce the concept of Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time which is related to the non-smoothness of queuing delay patterns and queue length changes. We then show how measured intersection travel times from mobile sensors can be processed to generate sample vehicle queuing delays. Under the uniform arrival assumption, the queuing delays reduce linearly within a cycle. The delay pattern can be estimated by a linear fitting method using sample queuing delays. Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time can then be obtained from the delay pattern, and be used to estimate the maximum and minimum queue lengths of a cycle, based on which the real-time queue length curve can also be constructed. The model and algorithm are tested in a field experiment and in simulation.     

聚羧酸系高性能减水剂在客运专线预制梁中的应用

文章以南钦铁路南宁段良庆制梁场工程为依托,结合混凝土配合比设计技术条件、参数及混凝土配合比和性能,介绍了在现场预制梁中使用聚羧酸系高性能减水剂的应用效果。     

再生混凝土路面双层滑模摊铺施工模拟试验研究

对复合式再生混凝土路面结构进行了摊铺施工模拟试验,并对再生路面的弯拉强度、劈裂强度等使用性能指标进行了正交试验测试分析。总结对比试验数据、统计分析,验证了双层滑模摊铺机理从保证路面强度方面是完全可行的。     

干线公路高模量沥青混凝土应用研究

文章试验研究了不同PR/RA改性剂掺量的高模量沥青混凝土(HMAC)的抗车辙性能,分析了层位、层厚、模量、轴载、温度和荷载次数等因素对高模量沥青混凝土路面抗车辙性能的影响程度,提出了合理的路面层位设置、模量取值范围及路面结构组合,并通过某干线公路试验路段,验证了高模量沥青混凝土的抗车辙效果。     

基于Midas Civil的简易车桥耦合振动分析

文章以某40m预应力混凝土简支T梁为例,利用单轴车桥耦合振动数值模型及基于MidasCivil的简易车桥耦合振动模型对移动车辆荷载作用下的T梁结构动力响应情况进行计算分析。结果表明,基于MidasCivil的简易车桥耦合振动模型与数值模型的结构挠度峰值计算结果相差不大,可用于简单的车桥耦合振动分析。     

Multi-objective optimization for asphalt pavement maintenance plans at project level: Integrating performance,cost and environment

Traditionally, asphalt pavement maintenance mainly considers pavement performance and cost and largely ignores the environment while substantial amount of environmental burdens are released in the process. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model was developed integrating the three elements in order to optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans at the project level. Pavement performance element was decided as the multiplier of pavement serviceability index and traffic volume. Cost element was represented by the net present value, including components of agency cost, vehicle operation cost and salvage value. Environmental element, integrating energy consumption, global warming potential, acidification potential and respiratory effects potential, was measured by the life cycle assessment model. A hypothetic asphalt pavement maintenance case study was conducted using the developed multi-objective optimization model and harvested 103 sets of feasible combinations of maintenance plans, each of which is non-dominated by the others. Trade-offs analysis was performed among the three objectives and visualized in both two- and three-dimension forms. It is found there is an opportunity of reducing the cost and environmental impacts to 80.3% and 77.8% and increasing the pavement performance to 146.6% compared to the base case. However, they are mutually compromised and cannot be reached simultaneously. The developed model reveals the quantitatively interactive relationship of the three objectives and helps optimize the asphalt pavement maintenance plans.     

六宜路底面层沥青混合料组成优化设计分析

底面层是沥青路面结构层中承上启下的重要层位,文章结合六宜路沥青路面施工实例,以骨架密实型为目标对底面层沥青混合料配合比进行了优化设计分析,并通过室内试验与施工质量检测,验证了生产配合比优化后的沥青混合料的路用性能与施工质量。     

Cooperation in transit delivery in West German metropolitan areas

West Germany is densely populated, averaging 245 inhabitants/km², but varying widely between urban agglomerations and rural areas. Transport volume has increased by 40% since 1970, with virtually all growth due to private automobiles. Since 1981 public transit has been suffering from decreasing demand.A 1964 Expert's Report to the German federal government was the stimulus for initiating an effective funding mechanism for new public transit construction. In 1965 Germany's first federated transit authority was founded for the region of Hamburg.Principal among the goals of any cooperative agreement among transit companies are improvements for the passengers and improvement of revenues for the companies. To attain these ends, two distinct forms of transit aggrements have been developed in Germany: transit cooperative (Verkehrsgemeinschaft) and transit federation (Verkehrsverbund). The former is more suitable for smaller to medium-sized towns, while the latter is more suitable for larger cities. The two types are described in this article.German transit federations during the 1970s succeeded in significantly increasing ridership, while during the 1980s patronage has either remained steady or has declined. Yet transit federations showed much better perfomance than did public transit in general. In terms of costs and revenues, no public transit organization in Germany is able to break even; deficits vary between 42% and 55%. The author concludes, however, that hidden subsidies for automobile traffic are far higher, because of environmental damage and the high social cost of traffic accidents.