稀燃快燃点火系研发的试验研究

利用火花能量转换原理和能量叠加原理．提出了一种稀燃快燃点火系．简要介绍和分析了它的组成及工作原理．并对其匹配传统点燃式发动机的适应性进行了试验研究.     

An exploratory investigation of the impact of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior

Ramp metering has been proven as an effective freeway management strategy; however, the impact of ramp metering on drivers' acceleration behavior has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of acceleration behavior changes with ramp metering is critical to the adequate design of ramp metering facilities. In this study, drivers' speed and acceleration data were collected at two representative metered ramps in Los Angeles, California. The speed and acceleration profiles under meter-on and meter-off scenarios were compared. Statistical results demonstrated that ramp metering affects drivers' acceleration behavior at ramp acceleration lane. It was found that at the metered ramp with short existing acceleration length, the average acceleration rate from ramp meter stop bar to 500 ft downstream under meter-on scenario (4.72 ft./s²) is approximately 40% higher than when meter-off (3.18 ft./s²). The design of acceleration lane length for metered on-ramps should therefore take into account the potential impacts of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior.     

隧道内横向偏置火源火灾烟气温度特性全尺寸试验研究

为了研究隧道内火灾温度分布规律和烟气运动状态,使交通隧道火灾灾害降到最低,通过全尺寸隧道火灾试验研究了热释放速率为30 MW火源位于偏离横向中心位置一个车道宽度条件下的顶棚射流的烟气温度特征,分析了烟气在各阶段的温度分布以及沿横向和纵向扩散的规律。结果表明：在火源下游一定区域内,偏置火源火灾产生的烟气在沿隧道横向和纵向扩散温度分布均呈非对称形态;烟气继续沿纵向扩散一段距离后,逐渐出现和形成温度分层;偏置火源顶棚射流的温升趋势随时间呈二次多项式关系增长,远壁面烟气沉降高度和温度衰减幅值大于相应中心火源的试验值;与中心火源的相似,火源在下游30 m内的顶棚射流温升随纵向距离的增加符合指数衰减规律,但同时还受到偏置距离的影响;可使用量纲一的偏距与量纲一的纵向距离的函数关系式描述其分布规律。     

第三轨供电系统中受流器与第三轨的接触压力及其对受流性能的影响分析

介绍了第三轨受流器的结构原理。分析比较了弹簧式和气压式受流器与第三轨接触压力调节方式的特点。基于电接触基本理论详细的阐述了受流滑板与第三轨接触区的导电机理。接触区域的导电电路由无数微小的电阻及电容并联而成,接触压力通过影响微小电阻、电容的数量比例,进而影响接触面上的导电能力和磨损性能。标称静态接触压力的设计值接近或等于法向压应力临界值时,导电能力和磨损特性取得均衡。     

高速公路加铺热拌超薄磨耗层级配设计研究

热拌超薄磨耗层是公路预防性养护的有效技术之一,基于某高速超薄磨耗层预防性养护工程,对不同级配进行路用性能试验研究。结果表明,不同级配混合料孔隙率随着2.36 mm筛孔通过率的增加而降低,细集料和矿粉均会填充混合料孔隙而且矿粉的填充效果为细集料的3倍。随着超薄磨耗层级配由粗变密,混合料马歇尔稳定度增加,肯塔堡飞散损失降低,疲劳寿命下降,采用矿粉作为填料的混合料性能显著优于细集料。相关性分析结果表明,超薄磨耗层混合料马歇尔稳定度,飞散损失以及疲劳性能与孔隙率存在较好的相关性,TSR结果与沥青膜厚度存在较好的相关性。超薄磨耗层的设计需要充分考虑孔隙率与沥青膜厚度指标。     

TLA/SBR复合改性沥青性能试验研究

为了改善特立尼达湖沥青(简称TLA)改性沥青低温抗裂性,提出用丁苯橡胶(SBR)对其改性,期望综合两种改性剂的优点。对不同掺量的TLA与SBR复合改性沥青进行了常规试验(针入度、软化点、延度、旋转粘度)、DSR试验、BBR试验,并测试了短期老化与长期老化后的残留针入度比,研究TLA与SBR掺量对高、低温性以及抗老化性能的影响。研究结果表明:①掺入SBR与TLA均能改善沥青的高温抗变形能力和感温性,对比TLA,SBR对沥青高温性能的改善效果更显著;②TLA对复合改性沥青的低温性能有不利影响,但掺入SBR可以抵消这种不利影响;③掺加5%~20%的TLA能改善复合改性沥青的抗老化性能,在此TLA掺量下,SBR也能改善沥青的抗老化性能。④综合高、低温性能和老化性能的表现,最佳掺量为20%的TLA+3%的SBR。     

手机社交娱乐操作对驾驶人视觉参数影响研究

为探究手机社交娱乐操作对驾驶人视觉参数的影响,基于模拟驾驶器和SmartEye 眼动仪设计模拟驾驶实验,采集驾驶人正常驾驶、拨打电话、收发信息等5种操作下视觉特征数据,应用拉依达准则和联合频数分布直方图进行数据归约.针对不同操作下视觉参数,应用箱形图和Kruskal-Wallis显著性检验,验证视觉参数评价指标的有效性.结果表明：随手机操作类型的不同,驾驶人水平和垂直视角标准差、视线离开道路时间百分比、扫视平均速度和眨眼持续时间呈显著性变化,可作为视觉参数影响的评价指标;观看视频和刷朋友圈操作对驾驶人视觉影响程度明显高于拨打电话和收发短信操作.     

柴油机增压器包覆层隔声性能试验分析及优化设计

提出一种船用增压器的包覆层结构,其内层为绝热材料和吸声材料,外层为金属薄片。采用统计能量法(SEA)建立该结构的中高频段隔声数值模型,开展包覆层的隔声试验,隔声量实测值与仿真结果吻合较好,能验证数值建模的有效性。对包覆层的吸声材料的厚度、密度和流阻等参数进行优化设计,利用正交试验法设计数值试验组,采用极差和方差分析法分析影响材料隔声性能的关键因素,得出最重要的影响因素是材料厚度,在选型设计中还应考虑密度和流阻因素。当安装厚度受限时,可通过改变密度和流阻值来提高材料的隔声量。     

Eco-driving behaviors of electric vehicle users: A survey study

Previous research has shown that electric vehicle (EV) users could behave differently compared to internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) drivers due to their consciousness or practices of eco-driving, but very limited research has fully investigated this assumption. This research explores this topic through investigating EV drivers’ eco-driving behaviors and motivations. We first conducted a questionnaire survey on EV drivers’ driving behavior and some hypothetical decisions of their driving. It indicates various characteristics between EV and ICEV commuters, including self-reported daily driving habits, preferences of route choices, tradeoff between travel time and energy saving, and adoption of in-vehicle display (IVD) technologies. Then, through statistical analysis with Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test, this research reveals that, compared to ICEV drivers, EV drivers possess significantly calmer driving maneuvers and more fuel-efficient driving habits such as trip chaining. The survey data also show that EV drivers are much more willing to save energy in compensation of travel time. Furthermore, the survey data indicate that EV drivers are more willing to adopt eco-friendly IVD technologies. All these findings are expected to improve the understanding of some unique behavior found in EV drivers.     

F型与直壁型护栏在客车撞击下的仿真研究

为了对比研究A类防撞等级中F型混凝土护栏和直壁型混凝土护栏的防护性能,建立两种护栏与客车的有限元模型,运用ANSYS Workbench软件中显式动力学模块,控制仿真碰撞的试验参数,将大客车模型以规定的初速度和碰撞角度进行计算机仿真碰撞试验,从车辆的加速度、车辆运行轨迹、护栏的最大动态变形量等方面综合对比两种护栏的防护性能。结果表明:相比直壁式护栏,F型混凝土护栏防撞性能、安全性能、导向性能较好。