实用化小型轿车的新概念(一)

综合论述了未来小型轿车的发展趋势,就车型总体趋势、动力总成、被动安全、底盘平台、车身、电气等几方面的趋势进行了概括,对中国家庭轿车或经济型轿车技术水平的发展方向进行了分析。结合第59届法兰克福国际汽车展(IAA)和本田FIT车阐述了对未来小型轿车发展趋势的认识。     

三体船模型试验阻力分析

  目的  小水线面三体船因具有良好的耐波性、快速性及稳定性而在民用和军用领域受到青睐,但不同的水下潜体形状及不同侧体位置在不同航速时的阻力变化规律还有待研究。由于开展船模试验所需时间较长、成本较高,难以将全部可能的方案都进行试验,因此利用STAR-CCM+平台对小水线面三体船周围的粘性流场进行数值模拟。  方法  \t\t考虑到自由表面效应的影响,首先验证采用STAR-CCM+平台进行阻力数值计算的可行性和可靠性;其次,研究系列傅汝德数下不同侧体位置时,潜体横剖面为圆形的小水线面三体船阻力的变化规律。  结果  \t\t结果表明,随着航速的增加,侧体布置于主体后部并向主体靠拢时,小水线面三体船的总阻力较小;在Fr=0.338~0.494范围内,小水线面三体船的总阻力较细长型三体船总阻力的降低最为显著。  \t 结论  \t\t 研究结果可为同类型船舶的设计提供一定的借鉴和参考作用。     

世界车辆法规协调论坛及其管理协定

主要对联合国欧洲经济委员会(UN/ECE)内陆运输委员会(ITC)框架下世界车辆法规协调论坛及其下属的6个工作组,以及所管理的三项协定:1958年协定(车辆结构法规)、1998年协定(全球技术法规)和1997年协定(定期技术检查)等进行论述。     

城市新区中小型交通枢纽规模研究

本文从城市新区中小型交通枢纽的特点出发,在枢纽设施布局及客流预测分析的基础上,应用时空消耗理论及相关规范的理论分析,提出了此类枢纽各种站场设施规模的计算方法。并结合昆山市花桥交通枢纽,给出了实例计算方法,为枢纽规划及城市用地控制提供科学的依据。     

Public service obligations for air transport in the United States and Europe: Connectivity effects and value for money

Public service obligations (PSOs) are used by governments in many countries, including the United States and 11 countries in Europe, to mandate a minimum level of commercial air transportation service, especially for small or rural communities. This paper analyzes PSOs in these 12 countries for the year 2010 using the recently proposed Global Connectivity Index to measure direct and indirect market access and a novel subsidy database covering 90% of PSO movements in these countries to assess value-for-money.We show that PSO services represent about 2.5% of all commercial movements in the 12 countries analyzed, generating about 1% of these countries’ total air transport connectivity. Over all routes for which data was available, approximately USD$ 900 million was earmarked for PSO and air service discount provision in 2010, with average subsidies per movement ranging from about $700 to $3500. PSO market access and efficiency outcomes vary across the countries analyzed. Some countries, such as Germany and the United States, focus on providing network access for smaller communities, thereby creating not only point-to-point, but also onward connectivity, while others such as Norway, Sweden, and Ireland, predominantly aim at providing “lifeline services” that connect remote regions to a nearby economic center without providing onward connections.     

旅游轨道交通桥梁设计特点分析——以张家界市旅游轨道交通为例

旅游轨道交通是一种新型的交通方式,受地形及增加景区收益属性要求,以往选线及桥梁设置理念已不能满足要求。针对桥梁与旅游轨道的适宜性分析,总结旅游轨道交通桥梁设置的特点。运用力学公式、有限元软件对大纵坡、小半径空间复合曲线梁体及落石防护等进行计算,以及对景观设计发展进行探讨,得出结论:七星山地形适宜采用山底轮轨、登山段齿轨、山顶悬挂式空轨的多制式组合系统;梁端部加牛腿的构造可有效简化外界受力,适应大纵坡下梁体设置;小半径空间复合曲线梁的计算复杂,空间多自由度力学问题研究不足,需要进一步研究;大纵坡,小半径条件下宜多采用连续刚构桥式;旅游轨道桥梁应重视外观概念设计,以增强景区适应性,我国桥梁亟需提高景观概念设计及研究水平;高桥段落落石防护宜采用桥梁和防护结构一体化结构;桥梁装配式施工的核心问题是构造尺寸标准化设计,需进一步加强研究。     

Community Perceptions of a World Heritage Nomination Process: The Ningaloo Coast Region of Western Australia

The remote Ningaloo Coast region, the location of Australia's largest fringing coral reef, was designated as World Heritage (WH) in 2011 based on its outstanding natural values. In the past, the WH nomination process predominantly involved experts and state officials. More recently, local community involvement has become a required part of the process, representing a move toward participatory governance that can potentially influence WH designation. Understanding community perceptions of the WH nomination process provides insights into the consequences of community involvement. Interviews were conducted with key local community members involved in the Ningaloo Coast WH nomination. Interviews focused on the perceptions and experience of the nomination process and local meanings of WH designation. Results indicated that while there was support for WH designation, the nomination process was seen as controversial. Community involvement was dominated by local political and social concerns, mistrust, misinformation, and perceived unfairness. Concerns were influenced by past and current government actions and decision-making in the region. The article identifies some challenges associated with local community involvement in a WH nomination process. These challenges raise questions about participatory governance and how local community's engage in the WH nomination process for coastal regions identified by experts as globally significant.     

基于非线性支持向量机的隧道煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测

为了有效地预测桃子垭隧道揭煤段是否存在煤与瓦斯突出危险性,文章根据煤与瓦斯突出综合假说及《防治煤与瓦斯突出规定》,确定了影响煤与瓦斯突出的9个关键因素。由于评价因子与突出危险程度之间存在着复杂的非线性映射关系,因此选择了非线性支持向量机(SVM)方法对隧道煤与瓦斯突出危险性进行预测研究。结合项目实际情况确定了各训练样本的具体参数,采用单项指标法、最优分类决策函数及MATLAB SVM Toolbox软件对选定的训练样本进行了煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测对比。通过N7和N8两个测点的预测结果表明,桃子垭隧道揭煤段存在煤与瓦斯突出危险性,必须做好相应的揭煤防突工作。     

小净距隧道施工中减振技术研究

结合云（阳）-万（州）高速公路张家山隧道小净距段的实际情况,介绍了小循环进尺、分区开挖的台阶分部法和短台阶断面法开挖,以及包括控制最大段装药量、段间隔时间、确定合理的爆破参数和对先行洞最不利部位振速监测等措施的爆破振动控制技术。实践表明：爆破振动控制技术保证了小净距段先行洞的安全和后行洞施工的顺利进行。     

评戴维·洛奇《小世界》的喜剧内涵

《小世界》是戴维.洛奇的代表作,它既是上世纪译介到中国最有影响的英国当代小说之一,又是一部充满喜剧色彩,诙谐幽默的后现代主义力作,被许多学者认为是西方的《围城》.本文从作品中喜剧性人物的塑造和后现代主义小说技法两个方面来探讨其喜剧内涵.