Potential-based dynamic pedestrian flow assignment

This study proposes a potential-based dynamic pedestrian flow assignment model to optimize the evacuation time needed for all pedestrians to leave an indoor or outdoor area with internal obstacles and multiple exits, e.g., railway station, air terminal, plaza, and park. In the model, the dynamic loading of pedestrian flows on a two-dimensional space is formulated by a cell transmission model, the movement of crowds is driven by space potential, and the optimization of evacuation time is solved by a proportional swapping process. In this way, the proposed model can be applied to not only efficiently optimize the evacuation process of a crowd with large scale but also recognize local congestion dynamics during crowd evacuation. Finally, a set of numerical examples are presented to show the proposed model’s effectiveness for optimizing crowd evacuation process and its application to design a class of variable guide sign systems.     

The influence of integrated space–transport development strategies on air pollution in urban areas

The phenomenon of urban sprawl has strong impacts on transport performance and accessibility and causes an increase of air pollution. Effective control of urban sprawl requires an integrated approach comprising urban transport and land-use planning. Current research is insufficient to demonstrate the effects of urban sprawl on travel behavior and air pollution emission. The present paper examines the potential of an integrated approach on space–transport development strategies with the aim of increasing accessibility and reducing air pollution. A combination of space and transport strategies has been simulated for the rapidly expanding city of Surabaya. A comparative analysis of the impact of those cases indicates the promising potential alternatives to minimize the phenomenon. The transport options considered are combinations of Public Transport (PT), comprising Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Light Rapid Transit (LRT), and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The options for urban structure include a compact zone development for the city, as formulated by the city planning agency, and a polycentric city set-up based on a job-housing balance aimed at minimizing the house-job distance. The results indicate that the polycentric city structure has the potential to make public transport work successfully for the city of Surabaya. This city structure creates a trip demand pattern which matches citizens’ PT preferences. Compared to the current situation, the combination of such a city structure with an expansion of PT systems would lead to a considerable improvement of transport performance, i.e. a PT mode share, a mean commute distance, and a significant reduction in emissions.     

基于AHP的舟山港原油中转库布局规划浅议

运用层次分析法(AHP)对舟山港域适于建设原油中转库的作业区进行了评价分析,并对新一轮原油中转库及码头建设选址与建设规模提出了建议。     

等间隔放样圆曲线的两种新方法

阐述了等间隔放样圆曲线的基本原理 ,介绍了放样要素采集的基本方法 ,叙述了弦角弦长法及坐标法放样圆曲线的过程     

城市住宅设计中的环境设计

住宅不能脱离环境孤立存在,因此住宅设计必须认真研究,精心进行环境设计。本文针对住宅设计中环境设计的若干问题进行了分析和阐述,文章着重探讨了环境设计中一系列环境要素之间的关联、渗透以及设计原则,包括大与小,内与外,软与硬,封闭与开放,分设与共享等。     

异步牵引电动机低速区控制方法的比较

文章给出了异步牵引电动机在低速区基于开关表的传统直接转矩控制(ST-DSC)和间接转矩控制(ISC)的原理框图,以及间接转矩控制和基于空间矢量调制的直接转矩控制(SVM-DSC)的数学关系,并用Matlab/Simulink对三种控制方法的转矩脉动和电流脉动进行了对比仿真研究,根据仿真结果讨论了在系统设计时选择控制策略的依据。     

V形支撑结构施工阶段的空间应力分析

采用空间有限元程序ANSYS,对某V形支撑连续梁的V形支撑结构进行施工阶段的空间应力分析,研究V形支撑结构在施工阶段时的应力分布及变化情况,为类似结构的设计提供一定的参考.     

光面爆破技术在向莆铁路青云山特长隧道工程中的应用

光面爆破设计是隧道工程建设确保质量安全的核心技术要素。青云山特长隧道是向莆铁路重点控制性工程,采用钻爆法施工;隧道围岩以Ⅱ～Ⅲ级为主,采用全断面法开挖;进出口与浅埋段等为IV、V级围岩,采用台阶法施工;围岩较差段采用弧形开挖预留核心土法施工。不同级别围岩采用了针对性的爆破设计,取得了满意的爆破效果。实践证明,适当加密周边眼、合理确定光面爆破层厚度、采用小直径药卷不耦合装药结构、保证爆破眼同时起爆是光面爆破成功应用的关键。     

我国城市步行交通发展策略探讨

深入分析了我国城市步行交通面临的普遍性问题,相应地从土地利用模式、步行空间保障与环境营造、步行网络化建设、公众参与的规划决策机制等方面提出了适应于我国城市的步行交通发展策略和改善思路。     

青银高速公路济南黄河大桥钢箱梁现场布局方案的研究

以青银高速公路济南黄河大桥钢箱梁为例,重点介绍该桥钢箱梁桥位现场总拼区、除锈涂装区和存放区的工艺布局情况及梁段运输方式。