由含氟废气制备白炭黑的工艺研究

磷化工生产中排放的大量含氟废气（其主要成分为四氟化硅和氟化氢等）不仅污染环境,而且是氟资源的一种浪费。本文从实验出发,研究了由含氟废气吸收液制备纳米白炭黑的工艺,从浓度、反应温度等几个方面论述了对白炭黑质量产生影响的因素。实验研究表明,含氟废气经吸收后,氟、硅含量大大降低,达到国家标准,且制备的白炭黑产品可适用于多种工业需求。     

Driving cycles that reproduce driving patterns,energy consumptions and tailpipe emissions

This study presents the Energy Based Micro-trip (EBMT) method, which is a new method to construct driving cycles that represent local driving patterns and reproduce the real energy consumption and tailpipe emissions from vehicles in a given region. It uses data of specific energy consumption, speed, and percentage of idling time as criteria of acceptable representativeness. To study the performance of the EBMT, we used a database of speed, fuel consumption, and tailpipe emissions (CO₂, CO, and NO_x), which was obtained monitoring at 1 Hz, the operation of 15 heavy-duty vehicles when they operated within different traffic conditions, during eight months. The speed vs. time data contained in this database defined the local driving pattern, which was described by 19 characteristic parameters (CPs). Using this database, we ran the EBMT and described the resulting driving cycle by 19 characteristics parameters (CPs*). The relative differences between CPs and CPs* quantified how close the obtained driving cycle represented the driving pattern. To observe tendencies of our results, we repeated the process 1000 times and reported the average relative difference (ARD) and the interquartile range (IQR) of those differences for each CP.. We repeated the process for the case of a traditional Micro-trip method and compared to previous results. The driving cycles constructed by the EBMT method showed the lowest values of ARDs and IQRs, meaning that it produces driving cycles with the highest representativeness of the driving patterns, and the best reproduction of energy consumption, and tailpipe emissions.     

轿车地毯材料热学性能研究

采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法对3种不同组分的轿车地毯复合材料的热物性参数一比热进行了测试。基于对试验结果的对比分析，探讨了，影响轿车地毯复合材料热学性能的因素及原因，并建立了轿车地毯复合材料热学性能的数学模型，为轿车地毯热成型工艺和模具设计提供了基础性数据。     

钻孔平台(栈桥)钢管及桩基钢护筒底部固结方案

文章结合广西武宣黔江特大桥工程实例,对深水且无覆盖层的倾斜岩面条件下的钻孔平台(栈桥)和桥梁桩基钢护筒底部固结定位施工的工艺流程及技术要点进行了介绍,为类似桥梁桩基施工提供技术参考。     

沥青砼搅拌设备生产能力及燃油消耗率试验机理的研讨

采用 JT3128-87中规定的标准工况来试验评价沥青砼搅拌设备的生产能力及燃油消耗率指标,存在的不足之处.本文对其生产能力及燃油消耗率指标试验机理进行了研究.     

Energy factors for flexible fuel engines and vehicles operating with gasoline-ethanol blends

This work investigates the energy factors for fuel conversion from the analysis of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) maps of a sample of 15 engines, representative of 75% of current models available in the Brazilian market. The method also employs the engine driving patterns of power output versus crankshaft speed obtained from bench dynamometer tests. The energy factors obtained from the engine analysis was validated against experiments carried out with two production vehicles in laboratory tests following the 1975 US Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75) procedure and road tests following 16 different urban and highway routes. The fuels used in the tests were hydrous ethanol (E100, 6 v/v % water) and a blend of 22 v/v % anhydrous ethanol and 78 v/v % gasoline (E22). The energy factors found from the 3D engine BSFC map analysis were higher than those obtained from the Willans line, currently adopted as a standard, by 52% for E22 and 57% for E100. The results from the 3D engine BFSC maps and the first vehicle following the FTP-75 cycle and 15 road routes were similar, also close to the results from the second vehicle, qualifying them to be representative of modern flexible fuel spark ignition engines and vehicles.     

Fatigue analysis for a multi-lap spot welded joint of high strength steel using quasi static tensile-shear test

The welding quality of spot weldment is an important factor that significantly affects the strength, stiffness, safety, and other performance characteristics of vehicles. Therefore, quality control and fatigue life evaluation of spot weldment are necessary processes. This paper presents a method for determining the fatigue life of multi-lap spot weldment of a high strength steel sheet. In this method, the fatigue life is estimated using the lethargy coefficient, which is the total defect coefficient according to rupture stress and time obtained by the quasi static tensile-shear test. The DC potential drop method was used to check initiation and propagation of cracks in addition to the test. Also, in this study, we modified the lethargy coefficient by using the welding current. Furthermore, we define a specific lapping constant, which is a characteristic constant of 2 or 3 lap weldments. The fatigue life obtained by the fatigue estimate equation, which contains a specific lapping constant was compared and verified with an experimental value. Finally we analyzed the relation of lap number, welding current and fatigue life. This method can save processing time and cost for predicting the life cycle of a structure.     

大跨径桥梁布置与工程投资的统计分析

当桥位确定后，桥梁总体布置状况对工程投资有着重要影响。本文从工程投资角度对桥梁总体布置与工程投资关系进行论证、考察。     

超大直径土压平衡盾构在中心城区公路隧道中的应用技术探讨

在上海外滩公路隧道施工中,首次采用了直径为14.27 m的超大直径土压平衡盾构.文章以此为工程背景,围绕超大断面的开挖面稳定、浅覆土施工、近距离穿越运营中地铁和历史保护建筑群等诸多难题,从盾构的针对性设计、关键施工技术、构筑物保护措施等方面对超大直径土压平衡盾构的施工技术进行了详细的论述;分析了超大直径土压平衡盾构推进对周边环境的影响规律,并与常规的地铁盾构、同级别的超大直径泥水平衡盾构进行了比较,指出了超大直径土压平衡盾构的优劣;结合中国城市交通建设的发展趋势,对超大直径土压平衡盾构在城市中心区域的应用前景和进一步的研究方向进行了展望.     

我国海上油污事件中纯经济损失赔偿的立法现状及未来构想

文中在介绍我国目前在海上油污事故赔偿方面的立法状况的基础上,分析了我国目前立法中存在的问题,进而指出中国未来加入《基金公约》的合理性以及从国际公约中借鉴相关标准制定专门的海上油污单行立法的必要性．