Development of driving cycles for electric vehicles in the context of the city of Florence

Strong efforts are spent in automotive engineering for the creation of so called Driving Cycles (DCs). Vehicle DC development has been a topic under research over the last thirty years, since it is a key activity both from an authority and from an industrial research point of view. Considering the innovative characteristics of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their diffusion on certain contexts (e.g. city centers), the demand for tailored cycles arises. A proposal for driving data analysis and synthesis has been developed through the review and the selection of known literature experiences, having as a goal the application on a EVs focused case study. The measurement campaign has been conducted in the city of Florence, which includes limited traffic areas accessible to EVs. A fleet of EVs has been monitored through a non-invasive data logging system. After data acquisition, time-speed data series have been processed for filtering and grouping. The main product of the activity is a set of DCs obtained by pseudo-randomized selection of original data. The similarity of synthetic DCs to acquired data has been verified through the validation of cycle parameters. Finally, the new DCs and a selection of existing ones are compared on the basis of relevant kinematic parameters and expected energy consumption. The method followed for the creation of DCs has been implemented in a software package. It can be used to generate cycles and, under certain boundary conditions, to get a filtered access to the measured data and provide integration within simulation environment.     

The interaction between road traffic safety and the condition of sewers laid under roads

The main objective of this paper is to show how the service condition of the underground pipeline infrastructure, especially sewage systems, may contribute to road surface failures such as subsidence, bulging and particularly collapse. The analysis was based on CCTV surveys conducted in Poland to investigate the causes of more than a hundred road surface collapse incidents.The method proposed in this paper enables us to determine the risk of road surface collapse as the product of the category of probability of road collapse caused by damaged sewer pipelines and the weighted arithmetic mean category of their consequences.The key conclusions highlight the causes of road collapse incidents, the scale of the hazards, and the benefits resulting from the application of the proposed method to prioritize roads according to the road collapse risk.     

Online calibration for microscopic traffic simulation and dynamic multi-step prediction of traffic speed

Simulating driving behavior in high accuracy allows short-term prediction of traffic parameters, such as speeds and travel times, which are basic components of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). Models with static parameters are often unable to respond to varying traffic conditions and simulate effectively the corresponding driving behavior. It has therefore been widely accepted that the model parameters vary in multiple dimensions, including across individual drivers, but also spatially across the network and temporally. While typically on-line, predictive models are macroscopic or mesoscopic, due to computational and data considerations, nowadays microscopic models are becoming increasingly practical for dynamic applications. In this research, we develop a methodology for online calibration of microscopic traffic simulation models for dynamic multi-step prediction of traffic measures, and apply it to car-following models, one of the key models in microscopic traffic simulation models. The methodology is illustrated using real trajectory data available from an experiment conducted in Naples, using a well-established car-following model. The performance of the application with the dynamic model parameters consistently outperforms the corresponding static calibrated model in all cases, and leads to less than 10% error in speed prediction even for ten steps into the future, in all considered data-sets.     

Automated tuning of ITS management and control systems: Results from real-life experiments

The design and deployment of the majority of Management and Control Systems (MCS) for ITS involves a tedious, effort- and time-consuming manual tuning and calibration procedure not only during the initial design and deployment of the ITS but, in most cases, during its whole lifetime. Recently, we have developed and evaluated, both by means of theoretical analysis and extensive simulation experiments, a new methodology which fully automatically takes over the manual tuning and calibration procedure. Most importantly, this new methodology, called Adaptive Fine-Tuning (AFT), achieves to improve the performance of the system and compensate the effect of the continuous changes of its behavior that may be due to either internal or external factors. In this paper, we report results of implementing AFT to a real-life ITS MCS. More precisely, this paper reports and analyzes the results from implementing AFT to an urban traffic signal control application. The results from AFT real-life application demonstrate that it is capable of significantly improving the performance of the system in a safe and robust manner. Moreover, the real-life results exhibit the capability of AFT to efficiently adapt and compensate in cases of changes in the system behavior, even if these changes are significant.     

船舶中央冷却水系统变频水泵流量特性

针对船舶中央冷却水系统变频水泵切换效率低、能耗大及流量波动变化等问题,深入研究2350TEU集装箱船在各种负荷变化和海水环境温度变化时的变频泵调速流量特性,分析变频水泵在单泵、双泵2种状态切换时的流量特性、效率特性和功率特性,计算水泵变频切换时的最佳转速与流量。结果表明:实现单双泵无扰动切换,可减少切换时流量产生波动对止回阀的冲击,提高变频泵的工作效率,降低系统能耗,为船舶中央冷却水节能控制系统设计提供理论支持。     

Eco-driving advisory strategies for a platoon of mixed gasoline and electric vehicles in a connected vehicle system

As electric vehicles (EVs) have gained an increasing market penetration rate, the traffic on urban roads will tend to be a mix of traditional gasoline vehicles (GVs) and EVs. These two types of vehicles have different energy consumption characteristics, especially the high energy efficiency and energy recuperation system of EVs. When GVs and EVs form a platoon that is recognized as an energy-friendly traffic pattern, it is critical to holistically consider the energy consumption characteristics of all vehicles to maximize the energy efficiency benefit of platooning. To tackle this issue, this paper develops an optimal control model as a foundation to provide eco-driving suggestions to the mixed-traffic platoon. The proposed model leverages the promising connected vehicle technology assuming that the speed advisory system can obtain the information on the characteristics of all platoon vehicles. To enhance the model applicability, the study proposes two eco-driving advisory strategies based on the developed optimal control model. One strategy provides the lead vehicle an acceleration profile, while the other provides a set of targeted cruising speeds. The acceleration-based eco-driving advisory strategy is suitable for platoons with an automated leader, and the speed-based advisory strategy is more friendly for platoons with a human-operated leader. Results of numerical experiments demonstrate the significance when the eco-driving advisory system holistically considers energy consumption characteristics of platoon vehicles.     

一种特殊工况下动车组滑行问题分析和对策研究

通过对运营列车停车情况的分析,从停车原因、速度变化过程、轮轴之间速度差异等几个方面,深入论述了滑行现象产生及速度采集不均衡对行车控制的影响,提出车辆防滑控制、速度均衡优化的应对策略,为有效解决此类问题提供重要参考.     

The effects of emission control area regulations on cruise shipping

To control SOx, NOx and particulate matter emission from ships, including cruise ships, emission control areas (ECAs) have been defined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), which influences cruise planning. This paper investigates a mixed integer programming model to reschedule voyage plans by optimizing speeds, sailing patterns and ports-of-call sequences, hence reducing fuel costs. A tabu search based solution method is developed to solve the model. Computational tests on real-world data of cruise lines are conducted in order to explore the effects of ECA regulations on cruise shipping. The results show that the proposed model can save fuel costs under ECA regulations, and the designed solution method is efficient.     

基于B／S结构的铁路车站管理信息系统的应用

随着Internet/Intranet技术的不断发展和完善，利用Internet/Intranet技术开发企业管理信息系统，已经成为实现企业信息管理自动化的重要手段，本文，以大庆站综合信息管理计算机网络系统的开发为背景，对基于B／S（浏览器／服务器）结构，利用ASP，Active X和Oracle数据库技术，对铁路车站的管理信息系统的功能与结构的设计进行了较详细的研究。     

浅谈企业如何有效地申报科研计划项目

企业作为市场的主体,是推动国家科技创新和技术进步的主要力量,而开展科技项目申报,是政府利用计划和市场手段对企业科学研究和技术开发进行引导的主要手段。因此,面向企业开展企业科技申报对实现科技创新起着至关重要的作用。本文主要从科研管理的角度,介绍了科研项目的分类及申报过程,积极探索提高项目申报质量的有效途径,以期为企业科研管理部门提供有益的借鉴。