Ocean Citizenship: An Emergent Geographical Concept

Ocean citizenship describes a relationship between our everyday lives and the health of the coastal and marine environment. Through our everyday lives we affect, and are affected by, the marine and coastal environment in numerous ways. As such, individuals have a responsibility to make informed lifestyle choices to minimize this impact. In doing so, the actions of individuals can contribute to the amelioration of large-scale and seemingly insurmountable geographical problems. This article outlines the concept of ocean citizenship within the context of the public understanding of marine environmental issues. The article draws heavily on the experience of the National Maritime Museum as an important contributor to the development of ocean citizenship in the United Kingdom. Specifically, the Planet Ocean initiative will be examined, in which the Museum has adopted a multimodal approach to public engagement through exhibitions, educational resources, and specific research publications. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of geography in the development and sustainability of ocean citizenship.     

Coastal Management and Economic Development in Developed Nations: The Forth Estuary Forum

This article considers the issue of economic development as a component of coastal management initiatives in developed countries, focusing on the Forth Estuary Forum as a case study. The evolution of coastal management into integrated coastal management is briefly considered, as is the context of the Scottish coastal management system and a brief discussion of the variations between the different legal systems within the UK. The current hurdles to economic development and the views of developers and economic agencies being considered in the coastal management process itself are highlighted, illustrating the process of integration and the current voluntary regime in the UK, particularly in the Forth Estuary Forum. The article concludes that economic development issues must be taken seriously if coastal management is to be integrated and inclusive.     

Initiatives in Philippine Coastal Management: An Overview

Standardized and free-format questionnaires on the state of coastal management were fielded to coastal management practitioners during three workshops and a national feedback and recommendation workshop. The most commonly cited responses were identified for each of 13 political regions and overall trends were identified. Management frameworks frequently included research, community organizing, education, livelihood, resource enhancement, resource protection, regulation, and networking components. Gender issues, documentation, and infrastructure investment were rare. The most commonly perceived environmental problem was illegal/ destructive fishing and its associated overfishing and low fish catch. The most commonly cited socioeconomic problem was the inadequacy of law enforcement. The best monitored variables were usually those related to environmental management: status and change of habitats, resources, and degree of enforcement/patrolling activities. The most common nonregulatory enhancement, aside from environmental education (which is the most popular), was mangrove reforestation. In terms of regulations, the majority of the respondents have reportedly formulated an integrated coastal management plan. In practice, regulating destructive and illegal fishing practices and then the establishment of fish sanctuaries are the next most implemented. The most popular quality-of-life enhancement strategies focused on the improvement of sustainable fishing as a livelihood and on a variety of supplementary livelihoods. The most usual institutional intervention being implemented was the setting up of local community people's organizations. Major factors which may influence success or failure of coastal management and recommendations on research, community organizing and livelihood, legislation and policies, implementation and coordination, and networking are also summarized.     

加强高速公路勘察设计的监督管理

文章结合隆林-百色高速公路工程实践,针对当前高速公路勘察设计存在的问题,提出业主在勘察设计工作的监督管理上应采取的做法和措施,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

新的改性沥青设备与加工技术

通过对沥青改性方法的研究 ,基于提高改性沥青单位小时产量的目的 ,探索出利用高速剪切和二次泵技术实施沥青改性。这种加工技术突破了以往沥青改性采用的“胶体磨”技术 ,适用范围广 ,可加工不同种类的改性沥青 ;采用该种加工技术提高了生产效率 ,产品的技术指标满足甚至超过规范要求。通过研制出的改性沥青生产设备制备出 PE、SBS、化学网构改性沥青等 ,而且将这几种改性沥青已应用于实体工程。     

工程机械组群动态组织与集成管理系统研究

阐述了工程机械组群动态组织与集成管理系统的组成，特点和发展趋势，分析了系统的技术关键发及技术性能，确定了系统的构成方案，详细探讨了各功能单元的结合关系以及系统的社会，经济效益。     

面向21世纪的海事控制理论探讨：船舶营运安全的基本要素结构

ＩＭＯ自成立以来始终致力于减少船舶事故。１９９８年实施的ＩＳＭ规则和ＳＴＣＷ７８／９５公约,以及即将遍布全球的ＰＳＣ网,能否有效地降低海事数量？如何控制“人为因素”？如何控制２１世纪的海事？经分析,提出了船舶营运安全的基本要素结构：“人－机－环境－管理”理论假说。经检验,假说便于全面查找事故原因和预防措施,便于分析和弥补ＩＭＯ现行安全措施的不足,方便了海上安全学科体系的构建。进而提出了包含该理论的海事控制策略建议。为将海事控制由经验型的事后性纠正,上升为科学型的事前性预防,提供了一种研究和控制模式     

140客位沿海单体高速客船

阐述了１４０客位沿海单体高速客船的主要要素,主要技术性能,型线特征,结构特点,总布置等,并论述了本船设计特点。     

基于MSC与UPPAAL的高铁跨界临时限速建模与验证

临时限速服务器是高铁列控系统的重要组成部分,其不仅要校验CTC下发的临时限速命令,还要与相邻调度台临时限速服务器之间进行频繁的信息交互,因此对其安全性和实时性要求也更苛刻。为了满足高铁列控系统对其运行的要求,采用时间自动机理论和消息顺序图(MSC)相结合的方法,首先建立跨界临时限速命令的MSC模型和时间自动机子模型,再利用UPPAAL验证工具对形式化语法BNF描述的时间自动机子模型属性进行验证。根据仿真验证结果确认了跨界临时限速信息的安全性和受限活性,为进一步开发临时限速服务器功能提供了重要的依据。     

新时期铁路局标准化管理工作的探讨

简单扼要地叙述了标准化管理的基本原理,试图从标准化管理在铁路局中地位和作用这个视角出发,论述在新时期铁路局标准化管理工作的主要任务,探讨铁路局如何又好又快地实施标准化管理的工作模式和建议。