软土地区路桥人行道衔接间沉降的治理措施

由于软土地基的高压缩性,必然导致路桥间衔接处因刚柔相接,路堤沉降凹陷而出现错台等问题。过去对此只从行车安全出发治理车行道部分,而忽视了人行道部分同样存在这个问题,它也会危及人身安全,并给运行管理带来诸多后患。鉴此,该文结合工程实例介绍了针对人行道部分所采取的治理措施、技术经验及综合效益。     

盾构施工工艺对铁路路基沉降影响的数值分析

以福州市轨道交通1号线下穿福州火车站铁路工程为依托,采用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件对双线盾构隧道进行分步施工模拟,揭示主要施工参数对路基沉降的影响规律。分析表明:路基预加固能有效减少下穿过程中路基的沉降量;土舱压力采用1.2~1.5倍土压力、注浆压力采用1.1~1.2倍土体自重应力对减少路基沉降效果较好;保证盾尾注浆率对减少路基沉降影响有显著效果。     

斜坡路基稳定性分析及处治方案

以某斜坡路基段滑坡处治为例,通过现场调查、勘察,综合采用工程地质法和力学分析法进行稳定性分析,找出路基滑坡的潜在滑动面,针对滑坡原因,通过设置抗滑桩和反压护道对路基边坡进行处治,监测数据显示,经处治,斜坡路基滑坡得到有效控制,路基稳定,未发现不良现象.     

山区峡谷桥址地形模型过渡段优化

针对山区峡谷桥址地形模型入口边界确定问题,以贵州省湘江特大桥桥址处地形为依托,选择维多辛斯基曲线作为地形模型过渡段的基本曲线形式,采用计算流体动力学方法对不同曲线参数进行计算,并结合关联度权重确定法确定最优过渡段曲线参数。在此基础上设计并制作了几何缩尺比为1：1 500的桥位地形模型,分别进行了有、无过渡段地形模型的风洞试验,对比了地形模型有、无过渡段对桥位桥面高度处横桥向风速、风攻角以及桥梁总长1/4跨、1/2跨、3/4跨风剖面的影响。过渡段曲线的二维数值模拟结果表明：采用最优过渡段可有效降低模型边界后方气流等效风攻角,并最大程度地保持入流风速,减小过渡段后湍流度;设置过渡段后风速场分布特性与入流参考风速场分布特性的一致性较好。地形模型风洞试验结果表明：曲线过渡段使风剖面逐渐抬升,气流过渡平缓,不存在明显的加速效应,剪切层发展较慢;设置过渡段后不同风剖面位置处平均风速较无过渡段时大,湍流强度较无过渡段时低;设置过渡段对桥梁主梁高度处风攻角存在一定的影响,但有、无过渡段时的风攻角变化趋势大致相同;采用优化后的过渡段使风剖面逐渐抬升,减小了"人为峭壁"对地形模型试验结果的影响,主梁高度处横桥向风速总体大于无过渡段时主梁高度处横桥向风速。     

基于ABAQUS的港口刚性道面结构三维空间有限元分析

基于ABAQUS有限元软件,在Winkler地基上建立四边自由的集装箱荷载-道面结构-地基三维有限元双层板模型,进行了混凝土道面结构在集装箱重箱荷载作用下的力学响应模拟,分析了板中与板边受力条件下的刚性板的应力特性;根据道面结构层间接触的特点,考虑了双层板模型中层间相互联结与光滑无摩阻两种接触情况,对比分析了两种接触状态下混凝土板的应力特性;基于不同地基反力系数,进行了道面结构力学响应模拟,分析了地基反力系数对混凝土道面结构刚性板的弯拉应力的影响,为实际设计中节省工程材料,降低混凝土弯拉应力提供参考。     

汽车车轮轮心与车身相对位移测量方法的探讨

本文通过研究车轮轮心相对车身位移的测量方法,提出了一种以通过测量螺旋弹簧应变来获得轮心相对车身位移的试验方法,并在东风试车场对该试验方法进行了实车试验验证。     

Effect of the front and rear weight distribution ratio of a Formula car during maximum-speed cornering on a circuit

Because Formula cars are lighter than ordinary cars, the optimal settings for this type of car are thought to be different from those of a ordinary car. The front and rear weight distribution ratio of a vehicle is an important parameter that exerts a significant influence on critical cornering. The tendency of a ordinary car to under-steer during critical cornering is determined by the front and rear weight distribution ratio of the vehicle. Specifically, when the front of an ordinary FR (front-engine, rear wheel drive) vehicle is slightly heavier than the rear, the car tends to understeer during critical cornering. However, the optimal weight distribution ratio for critical cornering is not obvious for a formula car because of its lightness. This observation was investigated using a driving course similar to a real driving course to perform a maximum speed cornering simulations. It was found that a front to rear weight distribution ratio of 40:60 resulted in the fastest lap time. This ratio also gave the best results in the maximum-speed driving experiment performed using a driving simulator. Moreover, the maximum lateral acceleration during turning, the driving force, and the load movement of the inside and outside wheels was calculated using experimental driving force data and the concept of a tire friction circle. As a result, driving mechanics have been determined for a vehicle having a front/rear weight distribution ratio of 40:60 while traveling at maximum speed.     

汽车电子制动系统——电子稳定程序ESP

电子稳定性控制系统整合了多项电子制动技术,是主动安全系统的一项技术突破．推广应用十分迅速。本文重点阐述德国博世公司ESP系统的各项电子制动技术、典型工况、组成和工作原理,并分析了故障诊断思路。     

History of wheel/rail contact mechanics: from Redtenbacher to Kalker

The history of wheel/rail contact mechanics is an integrated part of contact mechanics. Problems of wheel/rail contact (damage phenomena and influence of contact mechanics on vehicle dynamics, especially on vehicle stability) have been investigated since the middle of the 19th Century. In 1855, Redtenbacher was the first to consider head checking. Stability investigations started with Boedecker (1887) and were continued by Carter (1916); however, they were not recognized at that time. Stability analysis was only considered to be an integrated step in vehicle design in about 1955 when stability problems started to occur in practice. The scientific foundations of our present investigations are based on Heinrich Hertz, Frederick William Carter and Hans Fromm. The key contributors to research in the last fifty years in the field of wheel/rail contact mechanics are Joost Kalker and Ken Johnson.     

基于人机工程学的山区公路桥头跳车分析评价

桥头跳车是山区公路小桥涵运营中的一种常见现象,它影响了行车的舒适与安全。选取了人机工程学指标,包括汽车振动加速度和驾驶员心率,作为桥头跳车对行车安全影响的评价指标;通过行车实验和对比实验,从乘车舒适性和振动知觉两方面,并结合ISO2631全身振动的相关规定,对内蒙古S203线山区某路段桥头跳车的严重程度进行分析评价,并给出了改善建议。