强挤压围岩隧道应采用先支后挖法施工

本文在接收了世界上四座强挤压围岩隧道经验教训之后提出了先支后挖法。文中以家竹箐隧道为实例 ,既总结了先挖后支的教训 ,又阐述了如何采用先支后挖以制约塑性区开展的新构想 ,并列举了超前支护的设计梗概。再次强调了顶压区与侧压区应分别考虑 ,并进一步说明了以卡斯特纳公式原理应分别考虑的理由。     

无缝线路稳定的铁摩辛柯能量法分析

利用铁摩辛柯能量法推导无缝线路稳定性计算公式。将轨道视为一根具有一定横向刚度铺设在连续弹性介质(道床)的有限长梁。在临界温度压力作用下,具有初始不平顺的钢轨产生微小的横向变形,且处于微弯平衡状态。根据钢轨应变能增量与外力功的改变相等,直接运用铁摩辛柯能量法,推导出临界温度压力计算公式,编写相应的计算程序,计算具体算例,获得与统一公式计算接近的结果。将曲线半径、道床横向阻力、弹性弯曲矢度、塑性弯曲矢度等参数取不同值代入计算程序,得出各种参数变化对无缝线路稳定性的影响。并据此提出线路养护工作中保证稳定的重要原则。     

Simulation methods supporting homologation of Electronic Stability Control in vehicle variants

ABSTRACT

Vehicle simulation has a long tradition in the automotive industry as a powerful supplement to physical vehicle testing. In the field of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system, the simulation process has been well established to support the ESC development and application by suppliers and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). The latest regulation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UN/ECE-R 13 allows also for simulation-based homologation. This extends the usage of simulation from ESC development to homologation. This paper gives an overview of simulation methods, as well as processes and tools used for the homologation of ESC in vehicle variants. The paper first describes the generic homologation process according to the European Regulation (UN/ECE-R 13H, UN/ECE-R 13/11) and U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS 126). Subsequently the ESC system is explained as well as the generic application and release process at the supplier and OEM side. Coming up with the simulation methods, the ESC development and application process needs to be adapted for the virtual vehicles. The simulation environment, consisting of vehicle model, ESC model and simulation platform, is explained in detail with some exemplary use-cases. In the final section, examples of simulation-based ESC homologation in vehicle variants are shown for passenger cars, light trucks, heavy trucks and trailers. This paper is targeted to give a state-of-the-art account of the simulation methods supporting the homologation of ESC systems in vehicle variants. However, the described approach and the lessons learned can be used as reference in future for an extended usage of simulation-supported releases of the ESC system up to the development and release of driver assistance systems.

Abbreviations: ABS: Anti-lock braking system; ADR: Australian design rules; ALB: Automatic load-dependent brake force controller; AMEVSC: Alternative method to assess the electronic vehicle stability control system; APP: Application; BSC: Brake slip controller; CAE: Computer-aided engineering; CAN: Controller area network; CAT: Category; CoG: Centre of gravity; DIN: Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standards); EB+: Trademark of Haldex; EBD: Electronic brake force distribution; EBS: Electronic brake system; ECU: Electronic control unit; ESC: Electronic stability control; ECVWTA: European Community Whole Vehicle Type Approval; FMVSS: Federal motor vehicle safety standards; GPS: Global positioning system; GRRF: Groupe de travail en matiere de roulement et de freinage (Working Party on Braking and Running Gear); HiL: Hardware-in-the-Loop; HSRI: Highway Safety Research Institute; K&C: Kinematic and compliant (KnC); MBS: Multibody systems; MPV: Multipurpose vehicle; NHTSA: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; OEM: Original equipment manufacturer; SiL: Software-in-the-Loop; ST: Summer tyres; STM: Single track model; StVO: Straßenverkehrsordnung (Government Highway Regulations); SUV: Sports utility vehicle; SW: Software; SwD: Sine with dwell manoeuvre; TC: Threshold consumption value; TCS: Traction control system; TRIAS: Test Requirements and Instructions for Automobile Standards; UN/ECE: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; VAF: Value-added function; VDC: Vehicle dynamics controller; VTC: Vehicle test catalogue; WT: Winter tyres     

武康二线小间距高风险段隧道爆破施工技术

武康二线新刘家沟隧道起讫里程为DzK123＋902～DzK124＋772,全长870m,位于半径1600m的曲线上,隧道进口右邻既有线,DzK123＋902～DzK124＋020段距既有花果隧道较近,最小线间距11m,新旧线衬砌背最近距离为4．0m。进口紧接新建千字沟中桥安康端桥台,正下方为316国道,地势陡峭,自然坡度大,处于公路、铁路立体交叉的咽喉部位。由于隧道地理位置特殊,地质复杂,技术含量高,施工难度较大。尤其是爆破施工很可能会影响到既有线结构稳定、运营安全以及316国道行车安全,施工安全形势尤为严峻。     

防治桥头跳车的技术研究

通过分析桥头跳车的原因主要由不均匀沉降而产生,从而从地基、路堤、路面等方面提出了桥头跳车的防治技术、同时提出了桥头搭板改进的设计方法,旨在为防治各级公路桥头跳车病害提供技术参考.     

土工模袋混凝土设计与施工简介

介绍了土工模袋混凝土在公路路基防护工程中的应用情况,特别是在路基受水浸蚀的情况下相比于其它防护工艺的技术特点,良好的防护效果,简单易行的施工方法.     

碎裂岩质高边坡锚杆应力的监测分析

高边坡的现场监测是一个系统工程,文章以西攀高速公路为例,结合高边坡施工期监测锚杆的应力状态和受力原因,建立锚杆应力测值统计模型,分析了开挖、温度、时效变形这三种因素对锚杆应力影响的规律,并对锚固效果和边坡稳定性进行了评价。     

桥梁受船只撞击的安全稳定性计算判别模式

桥—船相撞是困扰工程界已久的复杂灾害性问题,虽然其发生频率较低,但一旦出现即会带来桥梁或船只的损伤甚至毁灭。现有对这一问题的理论分析和处理手段还很不完善。针对这一严峻现实,在前人已有成果的基础上,探讨了桥梁抗撞稳定性判别模式。     

从结构设计的角度分析桥头跳车的影响和防治

桥头跳车对桥梁的振动影响,通过分析得知其结果会导致桥梁结构冲击系数增大,为了有效控制这种影响,本文在桥梁设计、搭板设计、软基沉降等方面加以阐述防治桥头跳车的相关措施。     

高等级公路桥头差异沉降位置技术处理

分析桥头跳车机理,结合洛阳——三门峡——灵宝高速公路建设的工程实际,详细介绍防止桥头跳车、高填方路段和填挖结合部位因地基差异沉降对路面结构造成的不良影响,论述了采取的技术处理措施。