水下高程测量新方法初探

传统的水下构筑物高程测量方法是使用水准仪或GPS配合尺杆将绝对高程传递到水下待测点。当工程距岸较远、水深增大时,测深的误差显著增大、测量的工作时间大大延长、水上测量平台的搭建成本显著增加。为此开发了利用水压传感器测深的新方法,对于所面临的波浪影响问题进行了专题研究。从波浪理论出发,对水下固定点压强波动振幅同表面波高及固定点水深的函数关系进行了推导,得出了利用参考点和被测点压强波动振幅实测值计算被测点水深的方法,可作为实用阶段测量系统研究开发的基础和途径之一。     

多功能电动车车架静动态计算分析

多功能电动车车架是多功能电动车的主要承载部件,对其进行有限元静动态分析具有一定的意义。借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了以板壳单元为基本单元的车架有限元分析模型,在此模型的基础上进行了有限元静应力分析和模态分析,得出该模型满足强度和刚度设计要求,指出基于板壳单元计算的几何模型,避免了用梁和板单元所带来的建模计算误差,具有很高的计算精度,对车架的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

路基拓宽加筋边坡室内静载模型实验分析

文章结合实体模型实验原理及实验目的,介绍了模型实验的步骤,并通过对新老路基拓宽加筋边坡室内静载模型实验结果的分析,得出新老路基不协调变形的特征及有关路基性能指标的变化规律,为相关理论机理研究和处治措施提供参考。     

一种减小中拱中垂对测深表影响的方法

针对实船测试数据反映出的中拱、中垂变形会对测深表的精度产生影响的问题,采用曲线拟合的方法精确计算船舶的实际倾斜状态,计算结果表明,使用经过曲线模拟推导出的纵倾修正公式后,计算的舱容数据更接近实际情况。通过这种方法可以有效减少中拱中垂对测深表的影响。     

路基石方劈裂静态爆破技术的应用

路基石方劈裂静态爆破是一种新型的施工工艺,文章结合六景至钦州港高速公路K1+140～K1+240段石方静态爆破工程实例,介绍了路基石方劈裂静态爆破技术的工艺原理与操作流程,并评述了该技术的应用效益。     

声测管对声波透射法检测的影响与处理

声波透射法是检测基桩完整性的一种有效方法.针对声波透射法检测基桩中声测管加工、堵管处理等问题,结合现场实际,总结了相关异常的处理措施,可为同类问题的解决提供一定的借鉴.     

基于Workbench变速器齿轮轴的疲劳分析

使用Catia软件对齿轮轴进行实体模型,通过Workbench软件的高效率模型导入功能实现了Catia和Workbench的联合仿真,对齿轮轴进行静力学分析,结果表明设计的齿轮轴能满足强度要求。获取了循环载荷谱和材料的S-N曲线,对齿轮轴进行疲劳分析,得到了齿轮轴的寿命、损伤及安全系数等相关参数。结果表明齿轮轴的疲劳寿命能满足设计要求,为齿轮轴的结构设计及优化提供一定的参考依据。     

基于静载试验的公路旧桥的检测及评估

桥梁承载力的评估方法众多,而静载试验法可以对既有混凝土桥梁承载力做到准确、高效地评估。通过实例,介绍了旧桥承载能力评定过程中的静载试验及承载能力评定,较详细地阐述了静载试验方案、试验结果评估方法,可为解决同类问题提供参考。     

Understanding ship-grounding events

The paper presents a simple procedure to estimate the damage to a ship bottom and the associated seabed topology that results from a dynamic grounding event. The seabed is modeled as a rigid body and parameterized by a quadratic surface, i.e., a paraboloid, which can in principle model a wide range of seabed topologies. A nonlinear finite element program (LS-DYNA) is used to simulate the contact force versus the lateral penetration, from which the horizontal force component of powered grounding is estimated. The simplified procedure for analyzing dynamic and static grounding events is outlined. Simulations are performed for different ship speeds and for different initial levels of obstruction over the keel. It is shown that a static approach may replace the dynamic grounding simulation, thereby considerably reducing the computational work. The static approach allows for the quick estimation of the energy absorption during powered grounding, which is imperative for decision making during critical situations. The ultimate goal of the study is to provide a near real-time prediction of the risk of rupture of the cargo tanks and hull girder failure. Moreover, the residual strength of damaged ships is an important issue that is related to operations involved in the salvage of wrecked vessels, such as re-floatation and towing.     

A static free-floating bike repositioning problem with multiple heterogeneous vehicles,multiple depots,and multiple visits

In this paper, a bike repositioning problem with multiple depots, multiple visits, and multiple heterogeneous vehicles for the free-floating bike-sharing system (FFBSS) is studied. Two types of nodes (i.e., easily and hardly access nodes) with different penalties are defined to represent different convenience levels of getting bikes from the FFBSS. The objective of the repositioning is to minimize the weighted sum of the inconvenience level of getting bikes from the system and the total unmet demand and the total operational time. To solve this problem, an enhanced version of chemical reaction optimization (CRO) is developed. A loading and unloading quantity adjustment procedure with the consideration of the node characteristics, including the type of node and its current state (i.e., in a balanced, surplus, or deficit state) is proposed and incorporated into this version to improve its solution quality. A concept of the nearby-node set is also proposed to narrow the search space. Numerical results are presented and indicate that compared to the traditional CRO and CPLEX, the enhanced CRO improves solution quality and has potential to tackle the repositioning problem for larger, longer repositioning duration, and more vehicle instances. The results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adjustment procedure.