关于L3自动驾驶的人机交互设计研究

随着雷达、摄像头、处理平台的软硬件提升,加上高精地图的辅助,全球越来越多的汽车公司都推出了自动驾驶车辆,覆盖Level 2~Level 3的自动驾驶场景(SAE J3016),但这些场景都需要在必要的时候由驾驶员接管车辆,因此自动驾驶汽车对人机交互设计提出了新的挑战,比如合理的接管流程,驾驶操作的监测,权责划分的提示。     

水下拖缆稳态平衡位形的确定计算

本文建立了水下拖缆稳态平衡方程，选用了前人研究的流体动力系数经验公式，讨论了平衡位形的解法，编制了平衡位形计算程序，计算了平衡位形和张力分布，提供了确定水下拖缆稳态平衡位形的计算方法。     

基于CoMP的用户分类方法

CoMP被视为下一代宽带移动通信中的关键技术,是近期的研究热点。其中,联合传输（JP）和波束协调（CS/CB）是CoMP中的主要传输模式。文章提出一种CoMP用户的分类方法,通过对用户分类,然后对分类用户进行JP或CS/CB处理。理论分析表明,基于用户分类的多点协同传输方法,可以提升小区边缘用户的性能和小区的平均吞吐量。     

First-best marginal cost toll for a traffic network with stochastic demand

First-best marginal cost pricing (MCP) in traffic networks has been extensively studied with the assumption of deterministic travel demand. However, this assumption may not be realistic as a transportation network is exposed to various uncertainties. This paper investigates MCP in a traffic network under stochastic travel demand. Cases of both fixed and elastic demand are considered. In the fixed demand case, travel demand is represented as a random variable, whereas in the elastic demand case, a pre-specified random variable is introduced into the demand function. The paper also considers a set of assumptions of traveler behavior. In the first case, it is assumed that the traveler considers only the mean travel time in the route choice decision (risk-neutral behavior), and in the second, both the mean and the variance of travel time are introduced into the route choice model (risk-averse behavior). A closed-form formulation of the true marginal cost toll for the stochastic network (SN-MCP) is derived from the variational inequality conditions of the system optimum and user equilibrium assignments. The key finding is that the calculation of the SN-MCP model cannot be made by simply substituting related terms in the original MCP model by their expected values. The paper provides a general function of SN-MCP and derives the closed-form SN-MCP formulation for specific cases with lognormal and normal stochastic travel demand. Four numerical examples are explored to compare network performance under the SN-MCP and other toll regimes.     

Intermodal hub-and-spoke network design: Incorporating multiple stakeholders and multi-type containers

This paper develops a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) model for the intermodal hub-and-spoke network design (IHSND) problem with multiple stakeholders and multi-type containers. The model incorporates a parametric variational inequality (VI) that formulates the user equilibrium (UE) behavior of intermodal operators in route choice for any given network design decision of the network planner. The model also uses a cost function that is capable of reflecting the transition from scale economies to scale diseconomies in distinct flow regimes for carriers or hub operators, and a disutility function integrating actual transportation charges and congestion impacts for intermodal operators. To solve the MPEC model, a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) embedded with a diagonalization method for solving the parametric VI is proposed. Finally, the comparative analysis of the HGA and an exhaustive enumeration algorithm indicates a good performance of the HGA in terms of computational time and solution quality. The HGA is also applied to solve a large-scale problem to show the applicability of the proposed model and algorithm.     

Network-based real option models

Building on earlier work to incorporate real option methodologies into network modeling, two models are proposed. The first is the network option design problem, which maximizes the expanded net present value of a network investment as a function of network design variables with the option to defer the committed design investment. The problem is shown to be a generalized version of the network design problem and the multi-period network design problem. A heuristic based on radial basis functions is used to solve the problem for continuous link expansion with congestion effects. The second model is a link investment deferral option set, which decomposes the network investment deferral option into individual, interacting link or project investments. This model is a project selection problem under uncertainty, where each link or project can be deferred such that the expanded net present value is maximized. The option is defined in such a way that a lower bound can be solved using an exact method based on multi-option least squares Monte Carlo simulation. Numerical tests are conducted with the classical Sioux Falls network and compared to earlier published results.     

The corridor problem: Preliminary results on the no-toll equilibrium

Consider a traffic corridor that connects a continuum of residential locations to a point central business district, and that is subject to flow congestion. The population density function along the corridor is exogenous, and except for location vehicles are identical. All vehicles travel along the corridor from home to work in the morning rush hour, and have the same work start-time but may arrive early. The two components of costs are travel time costs and schedule delay (time early) costs. Determining equilibrium and optimum traffic flow patterns for this continuous model, and possible extensions, is termed “The Corridor Problem”. Equilibria must satisfy the trip-timing condition, that at each location no vehicle can experience a lower trip price by departing at a different time. This paper investigates the no-toll equilibrium of the basic Corridor Problem.     

Dynamic network loading: A stochastic differentiable model that derives link state distributions

We present a dynamic network loading model that yields queue length distributions, accounts for spillbacks, and maintains a differentiable mapping from the dynamic demand on the dynamic queue lengths. The model also captures the spatial correlation of all queues adjacent to a node, and derives their joint distribution. The approach builds upon an existing stationary queueing network model that is based on finite capacity queueing theory. The original model is specified in terms of a set of differentiable equations, which in the new model are carried over to a set of equally smooth difference equations. The physical correctness of the new model is experimentally confirmed in several congestion regimes. A comparison with results predicted by the kinematic wave model (KWM) shows that the new model correctly represents the dynamic build-up, spillback and dissipation of queues. It goes beyond the KWM in that it captures queue lengths and spillbacks probabilistically, which allows for a richer analysis than the deterministic predictions of the KWM. The new model also generates a plausible fundamental diagram, which demonstrates that it captures well the stationary flow/density relationships in both congested and uncongested conditions.     

基于MATLAB的汽车动力性GUI界面开发

以MATLAB软件的GUI为设计工具,建立了汽车动力性数学模型,通过最小二乘法和插值法绘制了发动机外特性曲线、汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图、加速度倒数曲线、爬坡度曲线,以及加速时间曲线、最高车速变化曲线、加速度变化曲线和爬坡度变化曲线,直观、清晰地分析了汽车的动力性和各参数对动力性灵敏度的影响,使设计者清楚地了解汽车的动力性好坏以及各参数的影响,进而对设计作出改进。     

考虑交叉口影响的城市路网信号优化设计问题研究

基于城市路网交通间断流特性,本文将微观层面的信号交叉口延误计算方法引入宏观层面的平衡网络信号优化设计问题,构建了一个中观层面的城市路网交叉口信号优化设计双层规划模型,设计了基于遗传操作的优化算法。通过路网算例对模型及算法进行测试,并通过与微观、宏观层面的两种信号优化配时方法进行比较,验证所提出模型的优越性。