万向铰传动偏斜轴系横向振动的主共振分析

研究万向铰传动偏斜轴系横向振动的主共振问题。考虑万向铰结构偏斜,将从动轴当作刚性细长轴,将从动轴端部支撑轴承简化为2对弹簧阻尼器,建立万向铰传动偏斜轴系的横向振动微分方程。应用希尔无限行列式方法对横向振动微分方程进行稳定性分析,得到系统主共振的稳定图,并分析系统参数对主共振稳定性边界的影响。结果表明,增大支撑轴承弹簧刚度系数与阻尼系数、增大从动轴转动惯量或者增大轴长,均可使主共振的不稳定区变大,系统在固有频率附近易产生主共振。研究工作对进一步确定万向铰传动的偏斜轴系的动力学行为,抑制轴系振动具有重要的参考价值。     

Factors affecting car ownership and mode choice in rail transit-supported suburbs of a large Chinese city

As Chinese cities continue to grow rapidly and their newly developed suburbs continue to accommodate most of the enormous population increase, rail transit is seen as the key to counter automobile dependence. This paper examines the effects of rail transit-supported urban expansion using travel survey data collected from residents in four Shanghai suburban neighborhoods, including three located near metro stations. Estimated binary logit model of car ownership and nested logit model of commuting mode choice reveal that: (1) proximity to metro stations has a significant positive association with the choice of rail transit as primary commuting mode, but its association with car ownership is insignificant; (2) income, job status, and transportation subsidy are all positively associated with the probabilities of owning car and driving it to work; (3) higher population density in work location relates positively to the likelihood of commuting by the metro, but does not show a significant relationship with car ownership; (4) longer commuting distance is strongly associated with higher probabilities of riding the metro, rather than driving, to work; (5) considerations of money, time, comfort, and safety appear to exert measurable influences on car ownership and mode choice in the expected directions, and the intention to ride the metro for commuting is reflected in its actual use as primary mode for journey to work. These results strongly suggest that rail transit-supported urban expansion can produce important positive outcomes, and that this strategic approach can be effectively facilitated by transportation policies and land use plans, as well as complemented by timely provision of high quality rail transit service to suburban residents.     

An analytical SCF solution method for joint misalignments and application in fatigue test data interpretation

In this study, we first present a general analytical method for calculating stress concentration factors in a cruciform connection containing either axial or angular misalignment between two intercostal members through an application of Castigliano's second theorem. As such, various end restraint conditions of interest in practice can be considered with ease. Such a solution method provides stress concentration factors at intersection location not only with respect to intercostal members, but also with respect to continuous members. A comprehensive set of SCF solutions, confirmed by finite element solutions, are then presented in tabular forms which can be used as supplements to the existing SCF solutions such as those given in BS 7910 and DNV-RP-C203 for performing fatigue and fracture assessment of welded connections. Some of the existing solutions are shown to be valid only under a narrower set of conditions than documented and some seem to be in significant error. As a further demonstration of the validity of the analytical approach presented in this paper, the same analytical formulation is applied for examining interaction effects between misalignments and fatigue testing conditions, resulting in significantly improved correlation of fatigue test data obtained as a part of this study.     

纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳强度问题

钢桥面板的疲劳问题是制约钢结构桥梁可持续发展的关键难题,纵肋与顶板传统单面焊构造细节是控制钢桥面板疲劳性能、疲劳开裂危害最为严重的易损构造细节。以中国自主研发的纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节为研究对象,研发了钢桥面板纵肋与顶板构造细节疲劳试验装置,参照近期中国典型重大工程的钢桥面板结构设计参数,在系统对比分析研究的基础上,设计12个构造细节疲劳试验模型和5个节段疲劳试验模型,通过疲劳破坏试验确定了纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节的主导疲劳开裂模式和疲劳强度,探究了影响其疲劳性能的关键因素。研究结果表明:纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳强度显著高于纵肋与顶板传统单面焊构造细节,等效结构应力适用于纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳性能评估;实际熔透率不低于75%时多种焊接工艺条件下纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节的主导疲劳开裂模式均为疲劳裂纹在顶板焊趾产生,并沿顶板板厚方向扩展,其名义应力疲劳强度高于90 MPa,等效结构应力疲劳强度高于100 MPa;制造缺欠是影响纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节疲劳性能的关键因素;所研发的试验装置可通过构造细节模型实现对实际钢桥面板中纵肋与顶板焊接构造细节的准确模拟,准确获得纵肋与顶板构造细节疲劳性能。研究成果可为该长寿命新型构造细节的抗疲劳设计和工程实践提供依据。     

横隔板间距对钢箱梁扭转畸变的影响分析

以湖北鄂东长江公路大桥为工程背景,采用ANSYS建立5段标准钢箱梁节段精细有限元模型,分析了6种横隔板间距对钢箱梁受到偏心荷载作用时的扭转畸变正应力空间分布的影响。计算分析发现,横隔板的设置可以有效抑制箱梁的翘曲、畸变效应,对本项目标准钢箱梁节段设置3道横隔板时即可将扭转畸变效应控制在较小范围内。     

行人膝关节有限元模型的建立与验证

在前期研究中对下肢长骨和膝关节主要韧带的模型进行了全面验证的基础上,建立了具有详细解剖学结构的行人膝关节有限元模型,并定义了各组织间的接触。依据更符合实际行人事故中膝关节载荷特点的生物力学实验,对膝关节有限元模型进行了动态四点弯曲和动态三点弯剪仿真验证。结果显示膝关节模型的生物力学响应与实验结果吻合,能较好地反映膝关节的损伤和动力学响应,具有较好的生物逼真度。     

钢桥面板U肋-横隔板连接接头应力分析

采用有限元方法对我国常用的实腹式横隔板扁平钢箱梁钢桥面板结构进行了应力分析,研究了U肋-横隔板连接接头疲劳裂纹的产生机理及主要影响因素,并对几种常见的横隔板弧形切口形状及内肋式构造、底部固定式构造等新型构造的效果进行了比较.研究表明,传统构造4和新型内肋式构造21的受力性能较为理想,但普遍适用于不同疲劳裂纹形式、加载条件、横梁高度、制造工艺的最优构造形式并不存在,需要采用基于性能的方法进行U肋-横隔板连接接头疲劳设计.     

I型金属夹层结构连接构件强度特性研究及灵敏度分析

在国外,激光焊接钢质夹层结构已用于实船,其连接构件的强度特性是尚待解决的关键问题之一.应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,研究2种典型连接构件的面外强度特性及灵敏度.计算中,为降低计算规模,采用MPC壳体连接和子模型分析技术;进行灵敏度分析时,为减少大量方案计算所需的繁琐人工操作,应用Matlab驱动ANSYS,以批处理方式的有限元分析计算各方案的响应值.计算结果显示,在普通焊接接头处存在一定的应力集中.在控制结构重量的条件下,若要降低接头的应力集中系数,对于内嵌方框型连接构件而言,增大连接构件长度和夹层端部面板长度最为有效,增大水平板厚度也有一定的作用;对于外接平板型连接构件而言,最有效的途径是增大连接构件的厚度,并选取合适的连接构件长度.     

“海洋石油113”号FPSO永久复产水系统扩容改造

随着渤中25-1/S油田及周边渤中19-4油田的开发,“海洋石油113”号FPSO上部组块水系统已无法满足目前的生产需求。此次借油田复产之际进行系统扩容改造,在大幅提升FPSO水系统的生产处理能力的同时也增加了注水外输能力,为整个区块油田进一步提高产量发挥重要作用。文中简要阐述了“海洋石油113”号FPSO上部组块水系统的扩容改造,并提出需注意的问题,从而为后期类似项目的建设改造提供借鉴。     

焊接结构多轴疲劳寿命预测结构应力法

海洋工程焊接结构形式复杂且遭受随机波浪载荷作用,焊接接头多数处于多轴疲劳状态,而目前工程上主要采用基于单轴疲劳理论和试验的方法预测结构的疲劳寿命。为了提高焊接结构疲劳寿命预测的准确性,文章提出了一种评估焊接接头疲劳强度的新型结构应力法,并与临界面理论相结合,能够用于实际焊接结构的多轴疲劳寿命预测。通过对国际上已公开发表的疲劳试验数据进行有限元分析,证明了文中提出的结构应力法比传统的热点应力法具有更高的精度,以及该方法应用于焊接结构多轴疲劳寿命预测的可行性。最后,应用该方法对一个T型管节点进行了多轴疲劳寿命计算。