云南省水路运输和水运人才发展的战略思考

概括云南省水路运输系统及水运人才的现状,从战略的高度对云南省水路运输和水运人才发展作出了具体规划并提出具体措施,指出发展的重点和难点.对提高云南省水运人才的培养和开发能力,改善云南省水运人力资源的总体结构和提升云南省水运人才的总体素质,加速云南地方经济的发展,实现云南省总体战略目标,都具有重要的现实意义和深远的战略意义.     

Overview of public transport policy developments in South Africa

In South Africa, a restructuring of the public transport system is currently under way. In the bus industry the tender for contract system is being implemented, the commuter rail sector is being recapitalised and the minibus taxi industry recapitalization programme is in its early stages. Progress with policy implementation across the modes of transport, modal split trends and issues that hamper the full development of the public transport industry are discussed in this paper. Medium to long term policy and strategy initiatives that will further inform the development of the industry are also highlighted in this chapter.     

China’s electric car frustrations

By 2020, the vehicle population in China will likely exceed 280 million—exacerbating national energy security, urban air pollution, and traffic congestion. In response, many local and regional governments in China are pursuing an expanding array of measures to restrain growth in personal vehicle ownership and, along with the central government, reducing emissions and energy use of vehicles. One prominent strategy is the promotion of new energy vehicles, especially plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Large subsidies were offered—up to $27,600 (171,000 RMB) per vehicle in some regions, including almost $9200 (57,000 RMB) from the central government—which suggests that China is making a major commitment to PEVs. But sales have been meager. In 2013, only 17,600 PEVs, mostly buses and utility trucks, were sold, less than 0.1% of total civilian vehicle sales. Several factors explain the failure of PEV sales to take off: (1) protectionism by local governments; (2) uncertainty over which electric-drive vehicle technologies to promote and what consumers are willing to pay, (3) lagging investments in charging infrastructure, and (4) conservative investment behavior by automakers and battery manufacturers. The central government issued directives to local governments in late 2013 to reduce barriers to out-of-town companies, resulting in modest sales increases in early 2014, but a more coherent, broader, and effective set of policies, incentives, and strategies are needed to overcome consumer and industry resistance and the lack of charging infrastructure.     

Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping

Various market-based measures have been proposed to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping. One promising mechanism under consideration is the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). This study analyzes and benchmarks the economic implications of two alternative ETS mechanisms, namely, an open ETS compared to a Maritime only ETS (METS). The analytical solutions and model calibration results allow us to quantify the impacts of alternative ETS schemes on the container shipping sector and the dry bulk shipping sector. It is found that an ETS, whether open or maritime only, will decrease shipping speed, carrier outputs and fuel consumption for both the container and dry bulk sectors, even in the presence of a “wind-fall” profit to shipping companies. Under an open ETS, the dry bulk sector will suffer from a higher proportional reduction in output than the container sector, and will thus sell more emission permits or purchase fewer permits. Under an METS, container carriers will buy emission permits from the dry bulk side. In addition, under an METS the degree of competition within one sector will have spill-over effects on the other sector. Specifically, when the sector that sells (buys) permits is more collusive (competitive), the equilibrium permit price will rise. This study provides a framework for identifying the moderating effects of market structure and competition between firms on emission reduction schemes, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the differential impacts of ETS schemes on individual sectors within an industry when considering alternative policies.     

环境约束下中国交通运输业产能利用测算

测度交通运输业产能利用可帮助交通行业应对产能优化和节能减排的双重挑战，实现高质量发展。研究旨在环境约束视角下，构建一个普适性的产能利用（CU）评价框架，并用于交通运输业产能利用测度研究。将交通运输业能源消耗量和CO₂排放量纳入产能利用评价框架，采用改进的基于数据包络分析的差分法，测度2011~2017年中国交通运输业产能利用。研究结果表明：①2011~2017年间中国交通运输业平均CU值为0.026 0，并以2014年为临界点，呈现先降后增的趋势，这表明中国交通运输业确实存在产能利用不足的问题，且2015~2017年非常严重；②交通运输业产能利用水平区域差异化显著，研究期内与中国其他地区的CU水平相比，西南地区产能利用不足问题最严重；③与原始差分法的测度结果进行对比，所提出的改进方法更具合理性和先进性；④推动交通技术创新发展和合理规划交通资源是产能利用水平提升的关键途径。该研究为制定交通运输业产能利用提升的政策提供科学依据，对建立完善的交通运输业产能利用监测体系具有实际指导意义，有利于实现中国交通运输业产能利用水平整体的提升。     

车载远程智能管理系统在汽车上应用的必然性分析

随着汽车电子技术的发展，智能化信息技术在汽车产业中的应用已成为大势所趋。它能合理、有效地对运营车辆进行监控、管理，规范驾驶员正常驾驶行为，减少因车辆管控不当或驾驶员非规范性行为造成的意外事故，并能降低车辆油耗和改善汽车尾气排放，是汽车产业变革发展所需。     

基于协整分析的我国交通运输业碳排放影响因素研究

交通运输业是碳排放的大户,识别影响碳排放的主要因素有利于采取合理措施降低行业碳排放。采用自上而下的基于能源消耗的计算方法,对我国交通运输业1991—2011年的碳排放进行了测算。并运用协整理论和误差修正模型对碳排放的影响因素进行了实证分析,结果表明:交通能源强度每增长1个单位将导致交通运输业碳排放上升1.429 165个单位,交通运输换算周转量每增长1个单位将导致交通运输业碳排放上升0.985 885个单位。因此,必须采取有效措施降低交通能源强度,减少单位周转量的碳排放,促进交通运输业的可持续发展。     

甘肃丝绸之路染缬新型文化业态发展研究

新型文化业态将数字文化与传统文化相结合,以实现多样化文化产品及服务形式为目的,是推动文化产业新形式和新内容开发的重要技术手段,对传统产业升级具有重要意义。本文以丝绸之路地域为文化研究背景,以传统染缬文化资源的新型业态发展内涵为研究对象,在深入分析丝路染缬发展新型文化业态的动因基础上,提出发展机制,从创新商品形式、培养创新人才、构建新兴业态、丰富传播媒介等方面全面实施染缬新型文化业态发展。     

高职院校会展创新技能人才的供需匹配培养模式探究——以广州城建职业学院为例

会展人才培养与市场需求脱节一直是困扰高职院校会展教育的一个问题,这个问题关系到会展专业的办学定位和人才培养模式。文中试图从实际教学中发现问题和解决问题,探究符合现有教学条件的会展创新技能人才的培养模式,从而缓解会展企业奇缺专业会展人才和高职院校培养的会展专业学生就业难、对口就业率低之间的矛盾。     

我国汽车行业网络营销分析与探讨

我国汽车行业网络营销大有发展前途。首先比较了传统营销与网络营销的特点,归纳出汽车网络营销的优势;其次,对我国汽车网络营销现状及存在的问题进行了分析;最后,就我国汽车网络营销的发展给出了若干对策。