浅谈浮船坞改造设计——“701浮船坞”改造

本文简述了浮船坞的优缺点，分析了在当前修船市场的形式下，浮船坞改造的有利条件和发展前景，重点介绍了“701浮船坞”改造过程中出现并解决的实际问题，为今后浮船坞的改造设计提供了宝贵经验。     

入世以来我国汽车零部件业发展态势分析

入世以来，国内汽车零部件工业在产业基础、外贸格局、整零配套及产业组织方面迅速优化，产业规模迅速提升，结构不断改善；同时，也面临着国际汽车市场产能过剩、技术水平不断提升及政策环境更趋严格等一系列外部因素的严峻考验。文章通过与国内外汽车零部件工业国际间比较，提出了要不断提升汽车零部件企业技术水平、构筑多元化优势、积极开展兼并重组、加快人才队伍建设以及鼓励采购本土汽车零部件的对策建议。     

我国汽车业人才现状及对策研究

我国进入汽车消费的旺盛时期,对人才的需求也提出了新的要求。本文从分析近年来我国汽车行业人才市场的现状入手,指出汽车人才需求空间大,但人才供给不足且流失严重。对产生这些现象的原因作了深入的探讨,最后提出改善汽车人才现状的对策建议,指出汽车人才的开发培养需政府、企业、高校协调一致,合理高效利用资源。     

认清新形势 促进新发展——浅谈促进汽车维修业发展的途径

面临我国即将加入“WTO”的现状 ,汽车维修行业如何适应挑战 ,从树立新观念 ,提高竞争能力、强化行业管理 ,健全法律机制 ,建立维修质量保障体系等方面 ,阐明了促进维修业发展的途径     

What drives the drivers? Predicting turnover intentions in the Belgian bus and coach industry

The bus industry is characterized by demanding jobs and high turnover rates. In this study we gather essential insights that can help companies and industry-level policy makers increase the attractiveness of the profession and design effective retention policies. We compare the factors that induce Belgian drivers to leave their current organization with those inducing them to leave the industry. Key factors increasing the likelihood to consider quitting the company are a negative work-life balance, a lack of social support and a temporary contract. Dominant factors to consider quitting the bus driver profession are a lack of fulfillment, a demanding job environment and a negative work-life balance.     

Assessing the impact of tactical airport surface operations on airline schedule block time setting

With the growth of air traffic, airport surfaces are congested and air traffic operations are disrupted by the formation of bottlenecks on the surface. Hence, improving the efficiency and predictability of airport surface operations is not only a key goal of NASA’s initiatives in Integrated Arrival/Departure/Surface (IADS) operations, but also has been recognized as a critical aspect of the FAA NextGEN implementation plan. While a number of tactical initiatives have been shown to be effective in improving airport surface operations from a service provider’s perspective, their impacts on airlines’ scheduled block time (SBT) setting, which has been found to have direct impact on airlines’ on-time performance and operating cost, have received little attention. In this paper, we assess this impact using an econometric model of airline SBT combined with a before/after analysis of the implementation of surface congestion management (SCM) at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in 2010. Since airlines do not consider gate delay in setting SBT, we find that reduction in taxi-out time variability resulting from SCM leads to more predictable taxi-out times and thus decreases in SBT. The JFK SCM implementation is used as a case study to validate model prediction performance. The observed SBT decrease between 2009 and 2011 at JFK is 4.8 min and our model predicts a 4.2 min decrease. In addition, Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) is used as an example to demonstrate how different surface operations improvements scenarios can be evaluated in terms of SBT reduction.     

Taxi apps,regulation, and the market for taxi journeys

This paper attempts to provide a starting point for discussion on how smartphone-based taxi applications (‘apps’) have changed the market for taxi journeys and the resulting implications for taxi market regulation. The paper focuses on the taxi apps and their impact on taxi markets. It provides a brief history of taxi regulation before outlining the underlying economic rationales of its current form in many parts of the world, characterised as the “QQE” framework (quantity, quality and economic controls on operators). It argues that current regulation assumes that taxi markets are subject to three sets of problems that require correction by regulatory intervention, namely: those associated with credence goods, problems related to open access and those resulting from transactions occurring in a thin market. It is then proposed that taxi apps solve both the credence good and thin market problems whilst largely mitigating the problems associated with open access. The paper then presents some potential problems for taxi apps, namely the potential for instability on supply and demand sides, collusion and monopoly. It also discusses concerns about driver background checks and safety. The paper concludes by arguing that instead of restricting the growth of the taxi market, regulators should focus on reducing the likelihood of monopoly and collusion in a taxi market led by apps.     

COVID-19疫情对我国港航业发展影响的调查和应对措施

针对2020年春节期间发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情给我国的经济发展带来严重影响的状况,为客观地了解此次疫情对我国港航业发展的影响,以广州航运交所开展的问卷调查收集的数据为样本,对与此次疫情相关的数据进行梳理分析。在此基础上,结合已有研究,提出在该疫情的影响下港航业应采取的应对措施。统计分析结果表明,面对不确定性因素,提振市场信心是对恢复港航企业发展最有效,也是最容易忽视的因素,在应对该疫情过程中,需予以重视。     

Customers’ selections between premium electric taxis and liquefied petroleum gas taxis

Reducing roadside emissions is a common challenge in metropolitan cities. In Hong Kong, conventional liquefied petroleum gas taxis are one of the main contributors to roadside emissions as they operate on the streets 24 h a day with a long daily driving mileage. Moreover, these taxis suffer from a severely poor service reputation. To enhance the environmental friendliness and service quality of the taxi industry, this study explores the market potential of operating premium electric taxis in the dispatching mode. A stated preference survey was conducted to 1410 taxi customers about their taxi-riding choices between premium electric taxis and conventional liquefied petroleum gas taxis. In total, 5640 observations were obtained and used to develop a series of binary logistic regression models with different model formulations for the determination of the significant factors influencing customers’ selections. The findings indicate that walk time to and wait time for taxis were the most critical concerns to the customers, and they were more willing to take premium taxis if their journey distance was longer and their desired improvement on taxi service quality was greater. The socio-demographic status of taxi customers also influences their choices. The associated policy implications are discussed for promoting taxis with better service quality and fewer roadside emissions. The findings provide some policy insights to other international cities that have a similar taxi market to Hong Kong.     

对运输业属性认识的理论综述

人们对运输业属性的认识基本上是围绕运输业的经济属性(含物质属性、产业属性与市场属性)与社会属性来展开的。在20世纪中叶前,提出了运输业的物质生产部门(物质属性)、第三产业(产业属性)和基础设施(社会属性)等基本属性;自20世纪初开始,人们提出并论证了运输业的市场属性———自然垄断性,并在20世纪中后期深化了对运输业物质属性和社会属性的认识,提出了运输业的俱乐部物品特性与外部性观念;20世纪80年代后,人们对运输业产业属性和市场属性的认识进一步深化,提出了运输业的网络经济性与可竞争性理论。