常规潜艇总体设计评价准则和评估方法研究

基于常规潜艇的综合作战能力、可靠性、维修性、保障性、风险性和全寿命周期费用(即经济性)等主要属性,建立了常规潜艇总体设计的综合评价准则,给出了评价准则的计算公式和常规潜艇总体设计的评估方法.举例说明了综合评价准则和评估方法在常规潜艇总体设计过程中的参数分析、系统综合和方案评估时的重要作用.     

浅谈PCMW工法在基坑支护工程中的施工工艺及质量控制

PCMW工法作为支护的新技术、新工艺,因其施工速度快、效果好以及止水质量容易保证等优点,已经开始广泛应用在难度较大、施工要求高的基坑支护工程中。结合具体工程实例,介绍了PCMW工法施工工艺以及质量控制方法。     

乘用车传动系与底盘的技术特征

通过对全球乘用车传动及底盘结构进行统计分析,给出了乘用车驱动方式与车长、手动变速器与车长、自动变速器与车长、前单横臂后扭力梁组合与车长、前单横臂后多连杆组合与车长、前双横臂后多连杆组合与车长、装空气弹簧车辆与车长关系的统计数据。论述了乘用车不同车身形式所采用的弹性元件与稳定杆类别,以及乘用车所采用的不同制动方式。     

固定型阀控密封铅酸蓄电池使用及寿命检测的探讨

对固定型阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的使用方式和寿命检测方法进行了讨论。针对固定型阀控铅酸蓄电池的使用特点,分析比较了几种寿命测试方式。有针对性的提出了固定型阀控密封铅酸蓄电池的建议使用方式,并分析了采用此种使用方式的意义。     

海洋工程结构物风载荷计算方法比较

为方便海洋工程结构物设计者选择合适的风载荷计算方法,以一艘大型油船为例,分别采用目前常用的几种风载荷计算方法对其所受的风载荷进行计算,计算结果与实验结果比较分析表明,Blendermann方法的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

Assessment of policies and detection of unintended effects: Guiding principles for the consideration of methods and tools in policy-packaging

Single policies or entire policy packages are often assessed using different methods aiming at a quantification of effects as well as the detection of undesired outcomes. The knowledge of potential impacts is essential to take informed policy actions. Hence, there is a constant need for efficient assessment approaches to support policy decision-making. A broad range of such assessment methods is used in policymaking. Some of them are using quantitative data; others are characterized by qualitative information, observations or opinions. Practical experiences with transport policy prove that these methods all have their pros and cons, but none of them are able to detect the full range of effects. This leads to important questions this article deals with, such as what are the strengths and limitations of the different tools and methods for assessing impacts, and how should different approaches be integrated into the policymaking processes?We analyze the ability of assessment methods to detect different kinds of intended and unintended effects, and introduce the concepts of structurally open (mainly qualitative) and structurally closed (mainly quantitative) methods. It is argued that these concepts support making the pros and cons of the tools and methods more explicit and, thus, allow integrating the different tools and methods into the process of policy packaging. Based on a policy package example, we provide practical recommendations on how to integrate different assessment methods adequately and show that both quantitative and qualitative tools should be used in different phases of the process. The main recommendation is to alternate the application of assessment methods with structurally open methods used in the beginning and the end of the policymaking process and applying structurally closed methods in between.     

城市慢行系统规划方法研究——以厦门市同安新城及环东海域东部新城为例

为提高慢行系统规划方法对具体实践工作的指导性和操作性,研究提出基于使用者需求分析的慢行系统规划"需求引导法",用于指导宏观层面和中观层面的慢行系统规划。"需求引导法"的操作过程首先通过分析山水格局和用地结构,建立慢行系统初始方案,其次对初始方案进行需求侧要素点和供给侧要素点两方面的评价,并根据评价结果对初始方案进行多轮优化调整,从而构建宏观层面供需平衡的慢行骨架系统。中观层面根据组团功能、慢行交通集聚程度划分慢行分区,并结合路网条件供给,提出各分区的慢行发展模式。最后以厦门市为例说明"需求引导法"的操作过程。     

聚焦“专业岗位职务能力”背景下的课程改革与实践——以“建筑结构基础与钢筋算量”课程为例

建筑结构识图和钢筋算量是高职土建类专业学生的核心技能之一。通过聚焦"专业岗位职务能力",对课程重新定位,结合工作岗位任务进行教学内容选取并实施综合考核方式,使学生的知识技能更加贴合专业岗位需求,并实现学生学习热情的长效性,让学生更加适应市场需求,取得了较好的教学效果。     

Towards data-driven car-following models

Car following models have been studied with many diverse approaches for decades. Nowadays, technological advances have significantly improved our traffic data collection capabilities. Conventional car following models rely on mathematical formulas and are derived from traffic flow theory; a property that often makes them more restrictive. On the other hand, data-driven approaches are more flexible and allow the incorporation of additional information to the model; however, they may not provide as much insight into traffic flow theory as the traditional models. In this research, an innovative methodological framework based on a data-driven approach is proposed for the estimation of car-following models, suitable for incorporation into microscopic traffic simulation models. An existing technique, i.e. locally weighted regression (loess), is defined through an optimization problem and is employed in a novel way. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using data collected from a sequence of instrumented vehicles in Naples, Italy. Gipps’ model, one of the most extensively used car-following models, is calibrated against the same data and used as a reference benchmark. Optimization issues are raised in both cases. The obtained results suggest that data-driven car-following models could be a promising research direction.     

京秦高速公路沥青路面病害养护方法效果评价

在养护工程实践中以最大限度提高道路使用性能为目的，不断应用新技术、新材料、新工艺．为保证全线道路的使用功能和通行能力起到了积极的作用。