基于颗粒流的含交叉裂纹类岩石水力致裂细观机理研究

针对目前岩石在水力耦合作用下交叉裂纹扩展机理认识不足的问题,采用颗粒流软件(PFC2D)的平直节理接触模型和流域法,模拟计算含交叉裂纹的类岩石三轴压缩水力致裂过程,分析双向水平主应力差和主、次裂纹倾角对水力裂纹起裂、扩展及贯通的影响规律,并揭示其细观断裂机理。研究结果表明:数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好。当有或无水平主应力差时,水力裂纹沿着或偏离水平最大主应力方向扩展,与交叉裂纹贯通或不贯通,细观机理均为拉伸断裂。增加水平主应力差可明显降低临界水压力,易形成网状裂纹,有利于提高资源开采效率。     

Analytical model for information flow propagation wave under an information relay control strategy in a congested vehicle-to-vehicle communication environment

Vehicular traffic congestion in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication environment can lead to congestion effects for information flow propagation. Such congestion effects can impact whether a specific information packet of interest can reach a desired location, and if so, in a timely manner to influence the traffic system performance. Motivated by the usefulness and timeliness of information propagation, this paper aims to characterize the information flow propagation wave (IFPW) for an information packet in a congested V2V communication environment under an information relay control strategy. This strategy seeks to exclude information that is dated in the communication buffer under a first-in, first-out queue discipline, from being relayed if the information flow regime is congested. It trades off the need to enable the dissemination of every information packet as far as possible, against the congestion effects that accrue because of the presence of multiple information packets. A macroscopic two-layer model is proposed to characterize the IFPW. The upper layer is formulated as integro-differential equations to characterize the information dissemination in space and time under this control strategy. The lower layer adopts the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model to capture the traffic flow dynamics. Based on the upper layer model, a necessary condition is derived which quantifies the expected time length that needs to be reserved for broadcasting the information packet of interest so as to ensure the formation of an IFPW under a given density of V2V-equipped vehicles. When the necessary condition is satisfied under homogeneous conditions, it is shown that the information packet can be propagated at an asymptotic speed whose value can be derived analytically. Besides, under the proposed control strategy, only a proportion of vehicles (labeled asymptotic density of informed vehicles) can receive the specific information packet, which can be estimated by solving a nonlinear equation. The asymptotic IFPW speed, the asymptotic density of informed vehicles, and the necessary condition for the IFPW, help in evaluating the timeliness of information propagation and the influence of traffic dynamics on information propagation. In addition, the proposed model can be used to numerically estimate the IFPW speed for heterogeneous conditions, which can aid in the design of traffic management strategies built upon the timely propagation of information through V2V communication.     

API SPEC 2C规范在海上平台起重机设计中的应用

在对API SPEC 2C规范深入分析和研究的基础之上,梳理海上平台起重机的设计要点,并形成一套完整的设计准则.研究成果可为设计人员选取海上平台起重机总体参数提供帮助,为起重机的总体设计提供重要的理论依据.     

基于数据驱动的列控中心报文自动化测试研究

分析列控中心与外部系统的接口关系,结合软件自动化测试理论,提出基于数据驱动测试框架的CTCS-2列控中心报文自动化测试系统,实现了测试逻辑和测试数据的分离.对列控中心设备的测试结果表明,该方案使测试效率得到了大幅提高,取得了良好的效果.     

固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-Fe2O3的制备及其光催化性能

采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了SO2-4/TiO2-Fe2O3固体超强酸催化剂,通过样品光催化降解酸性蓝染料,考察了制备条件对染料脱色率的影响.结果表明,当固体酸中nTi和nFe的配比为1∶1,陈化pH为9～10,硫酸浸渍液浓度为0.5 mol/L,在500 ℃下焙烧4 h时制得的催化剂具有最高的催化活性. SO2-4/TiO2-Fe2O3固体超强酸再生后催化活性基本不变,可重复使用.     

Research on online texture measurements in metal rolling field

In rolled strip material, the orientation of the crystallites, known as texture, is influenced by various kinds of thermo-mechanical processes, such as casting, plastic deformation, annealing and phase transformation. The modern industry production requires stable product performance, real-time monitoring and full controlling of the quality. The online texture measurement in metal rolling can be used to real-time monitor the whole process, and then feedback control to the production process can be implied to adjust the process parameters to ensure the stability of the products. The principles, advantages and disadvantages of related detection methods (2D X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, laser-ultrasonics and electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT)) and the possibility of online measurement are discussed. Finally, 2D X-ray diffraction and laser-ultrasonics are employed on online texture measurement, and the schemes of online texture measurement are proposed.     

良性胆管狭窄瘢痕中TGF-β1、COX-2的表达及意义

目的探讨TGF-β1及COX-2在良性胆管狭窄瘢痕形成中的表达及意义。方法用免疫组化法(SABC)分别检测胆管良性瘢痕中TGF-β1及COX-2的表达及分布。结果 TGF-β1病例组、对照组阳性细胞率均值分别为(71.82±13.42)%和(17.78±8.93)%,通过成组t检验,两组差异有统计学意义;病例组、对照组病例阳性率分别为81.82%、0%,通过卡方检验,两组差异有统计学意义;COX-2病例组、对照组阳性细胞率均值分别为(77.18±11.18)%和(14.69±5.69)%,通过成组t检验,两组差异有统计学意义;病例组、对照组病例阳性率分别为90.91%、0%,通过卡方检验,两组差异有统计学意义;染色阳性细胞主要表达于成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞和巨噬细胞等炎性细胞中。结论 TGF-β1及COX-2表达增高与胆管瘢痕形成有关,TGF-β1可能通过调节COX-2表达,共同参与胆管瘢痕的形成。     

T-2毒素对软骨细胞整合素表达的影响及硒的拮抗作用

目的研究T-2毒素和硒对软骨细胞整合素mRNA表达的影响,探讨T-2毒素和硒与大骨节病发病的关系。方法体外单层培养C-28/I2软骨细胞,用MTT法测定细胞在不同浓度T-2毒素和不同作用时间下的增殖活性,通过Real-time PCR法检测软骨细胞在加T-2毒素或补硒后整合素α1、α2、α3、β1、β3、β5等10种亚基的表达情况。结果 T-2毒素可抑制C-28/I2软骨细胞系的增殖活性,在T-2毒素作用下软骨细胞系中整合素的表达谱有显著变化,其中显著上调的整合素亚基有αv和β1,下调的亚基有α2、α5和β5,加硒可在一定程度上拮抗这种改变。结论 T-2毒素对软骨细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,而硒能通过拮抗整合素的表达而发挥对软骨细胞的保护作用。     

β2受体阻滞剂对胰腺癌细胞侵袭能力的影响及其机制

目的研究β2受体阻滞剂对胰腺癌细胞的增殖及侵袭转移能力的影响及其作用机制。方法β2受体特异性阻滞剂ICI118,551、广谱β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔和β1受体特异性阻滞剂美托洛尔干预胰腺癌细胞MIA PaCa-2和BxPC-3后,通过MTT分析、流式细胞术,细胞侵袭实验,Western blot和EMSA等技术阐明β2受体阻滞剂对胰腺癌侵袭能力的抑制作用,进一步检测核转录因子NF-κB和AP-1的活性及其下游相关分子VEGF、MMP-2、MMP-9和COX-2的表达。结果在优势浓度(100μmol/L)下:普萘洛尔、ICI118,551诱导胰腺癌细胞周期G1/S期阻滞和抑制增殖、侵袭效应强于美托洛尔(P<0.05);三种阻滞剂均可下调NF-κB和AP-1的活性,并降低其相关下游分子VEGF、MMP-2、MMP-9和COX-2的表达(P<0.05),普萘洛尔、ICI118,551对上述分子抑制率强于美托洛尔,对BxPC-3的抑制强于MIA PaCa-2细胞。结论β2受体阻滞剂通过下调核转录因子及其相关下游分子的表达而抑制胰腺癌细胞的增殖及侵袭转移能力。     

JAK激酶抑制剂AG490阻滞乳腺癌MCF-7的侵袭和迁移

目的 探讨JAK/STAT3和MAPK/ERK1/2两条信号通路的交联作用及其对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞侵袭迁移的影响机制.方法 在乳腺癌MCF-7中,分JAK酶抑制剂AG490未处理组和处理组,Western blot检测磷酸化和非磷酸化STAT3和ERK 1/2蛋白的变化,RT-PCR检测STAT3、ERK1/2 mRNA的变化,明胶酶谱法检测MCF-7分泌MMP-2、MMP-9的变化,同时应用Transwell小室对细胞侵袭迁移能力进行研究.结果 AG490处理MCF-7细胞后,磷酸化和非磷酸化STAT3和ERK1/2蛋白均减少,STAT3、ERK1/2 mRNA转录水平也下降,同时也观察到了AG490能使MCF-7分泌MMP-2和MMP-9减少,从而显著降低了MCF-7细胞的侵袭迁移能力.结论 AG490可阻断JAK/STAT3和MAPK/ERK1/2两条信号通路,抑制MCF-7细胞分泌MMP-2和MMP-9,从而抑制了其侵袭迁移.