船舶建造检验的首要环节开工前检查

本文对船舶建造检验开工前检查的重要性、检查的重点、存在问题进行了分析,并提出了解决问题的办法和建议。     

基于反推策略的船舶直线航迹控制算法研究

为实现船舶直线航行的轨迹控制,基于船舶航行基本原理,建立了船舶航行运动的非线性模型。针对模型强非线性的特点,依据输入-状态反馈线性化原理,将非线性模型转化为具有下三角结构的线性模型,并基于反推技术和状态反馈,设计了船舶直线航行控制器。根据Lyapunov方法证明了闭环航迹系统是可镇定的。仿真结果验证了所提控制算法的正确性和有效性。     

Ridesharing: The state-of-the-art and future directions

Although ridesharing can provide a wealth of benefits, such as reduced travel costs, congestion, and consequently less pollution, there are a number of challenges that have restricted its widespread adoption. In fact, even at a time when improving communication systems provide real-time detailed information that could be used to facilitate ridesharing, the share of work trips that use ridesharing has decreased by almost 10% in the past 30 years.In this paper we present a classification to understand the key aspects of existing ridesharing systems. The objective is to present a framework that can help identify key challenges in the widespread use of ridesharing and thus foster the development of effective formal ridesharing mechanisms that would overcome these challenges and promote massification.     

Incompleteness and clarity in bus contracts: Identifying the nature of the ex ante and ex post perceptual divide

In the transport sector, many types of contracts exist. Some are very precise, and strive for completeness; others are very ‘light-weight’ and are incomplete. Bus and coach contracts, won through competitive tendering or negotiation, are typically incomplete in the sense of an inability to verify all the relevant obligations, as articulated through a set of deliverables. This paper draws on recent experiences in contract negotiation, and subsequent commitment in the bus sector, to identify what elements of the contracting regime have exposed ambiguity and significant gaps in what the principal expected, and what the agent believed they were obliged to deliver. We develop a series of regression models to investigate the extent of discrepancy between the principal and the agents perceived ‘understanding’ of contract obligations. The empirical evidence, from a sample of bus operators, is used to identify the extent of perceived incompleteness and clarity across a sample of bus contracts. A noteworthy finding is the important role that a trusting partnership plays in reducing the barriers to establishing greater clarity of contract specification and obligations, and in recognition of the degree of contract completeness.     

论船级社检验、船旗国监督与港口国监督三者关系

船级社检验发证、船旗国监督与港口国监督是保证船舶履行国际船舶安全与防止船舶污染海洋环境有关公约的重要途径。论文揭示了三者相互制约、相互牵制和互助协作的关系。     

内河船舶航行香港航线防止空气污染的检验与管理

内河船舶航行香港航线,应满足香港《商船（防止空气污染）规例》的要求,并持有防止空气污染证书。本文结合香港规例、内河船检法规及中国海事局文件要求,按照新船与现有船舶进行区分,介绍了航行香港的内河船舶防止空气污染方面的检验要求,并提出相应的管理建议。关键词：内河船舶防止空气污染检验要求     

Public perceptions of toll roads: A survey of the Texas perspective

Like many U.S. states, Texas is experiencing shortfalls in transportation funding, along with growing needs for system improvements. Accordingly, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is turning to tolling to bridge the funding gap. To assist planning efforts and effectively direct public information, a telephone survey of 2111 Texans was undertaken statewide to gauge public opinion on tolling issues.Some issues yielded a definite consensus among survey respondents. Over 70% agreed on attending to existing roads first, keeping existing roads toll-free, reducing tolls after construction, using revenues within the same region, charging higher tolls for trucks, not imposing SOV tolls, and maintaining the same toll rates during rush-hours. Some opinions varied by region. Austinites were more likely to support additional transportation spending, while residents of the Lower Rio Grande Valley were less supportive of raising the gas tax and of public/private partnerships. Opinions also varied with survey design. In eight places in the survey, optional text was provided or question order was modified to intentionally influence response. For two questions, support for tolling was decreased when information on personal transportation costs and higher gas tax rates in other states was offered. Ordered probit and binomial and multinomial logit models were estimated to assess the impact of demographic and travel characteristics on respondent opinions, and results for key issues are presented here. Opinions across demographic groups also were examined. The survey was successful at measuring opinions on several key tolling issues and should prove a useful tool for transportation planners and policymakers.     

面向停车诱导系统的都市商务区停车行为调查及分析

徐家汇地区是上海市中心城4个市级副中心之一,是上海重要的CBD商务区。自2004年初第一批停车诱导显示屏投入使用以来,该区域停车诱导系统已包含停车场(库)21个,诱导泊位近5000个。从使用情况来看,该系统在诱导显示屏的设置、设计和诱导信息的提供上,没有充分考虑使用者的行为、心理特性,群众满意度不高。为配合该系统的改造升级,2006年4月进行了大规模的停车行为及意向调查,分析了目前停车诱导系统存在的问题,提出了改进措施,取得的成果对其他地区停车诱导系统的实施具有重要借鉴作用。     

基于RFID的列车跟踪与定位系统研究

对国内外列车跟踪与定位系统的现状和发展以及目前最先进的定位技术进行分析,研究满足客运专线需求的列车跟踪与定位系统,给出基于射频识别技术的列车跟踪与定位系统.RFID主要由应用主机、阅读器、标签、天线组成,基于这一技术的列车跟踪与定位系统成本低,抗干扰能力强,具备防滑校正能力,能实现连续速度测定,定位精度高,运行速度为300 km/h的高速列车的定位精度为士70 cm,可以满足客运专线以最高列车运行速度350 km/h,列车追踪间隔3 min运行的列车定位精度需求.     

谈技术创新对勘察设计企业的推动力

技术创新是企业可持续发展的源动力,是提高勘察设计企业竞争能力的有效方式。从技术创新理论入手,分析了影响企业技术创新的因素,阐述了高新技术产业化对企业技术创新的推动作用,为勘察设计企业走高新技术产业化道路提供参考。