Rethinking bus punctuality by integrating Automatic Vehicle Location data and passenger patterns

This paper investigates punctuality at bus stops. Although it is typically evaluated from the point of view of bus operators, it must also account for users, as required in recent service quality norms. Therefore, evaluating punctuality at bus stops is highly important, but may also be a complex task, because data on both bus arrivals (or departures) and users must be taken into account and processed. Data on buses can be collected by Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems, but several challenges must be addressed in order to use them effectively. Passengers data at bus stops cannot be derived from AVL, but they can be used to derive passenger patterns and need to be integrated into processed AVL data. This paper proposes a new punctuality measure defined as the fraction of passengers who will be served within an acceptably short interval after they arrive. A method is proposed to determine this measure: it provides (i) several rules to handle AVL collected data, (ii) a procedure integrating processed AVL data and potential passengers’ patterns and (iii) a hierarchical process to perform the punctuality measure on each bus route direction of a transit network, as well as for every bus stop and time period. The paper illustrates the experimentation of this method on more than 4,000,000 data of a real bus operator and represents outcomes by easy-to-read control dashboards.     

城市轨道交通票制与票价研究

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,其票制与票价问题备受瞩目。本文介绍了城市轨道交通基本票制、票价制定原则及其优惠政策,在分析各城市轨道交通票价的基础上,对影响城市轨道交通票价的因素进行分析,提出未来城市轨道交通票制与票价的发展建议。     

Measuring the expected locational accessibility of urban transit network for commuting trips

This paper focuses on measuring of the expected locational accessibility (ELA) of urban transit networks for commuters. The ELA of the transit network is measured by a factor named expected locational accessibility index (ELAI), which is calculated based on the expected number of reachable stations with different times of transfers (ENRST) starting from any one transit station on the network. Two approaches, the sample-test-statistics method and the topological analysis method for determining the ENRST are proposed and tested with an example transit network. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to an empirical study for evaluating the ELA performance of bus transit network for commuters of Xiamen City, China. The empirical results show that the ELAI obtained by our two methods are relatively smaller than those obtained by the existing methods. The reason is analyzed to guarantee the accuracy of ELAI measurement.     

Patterns of motorization development and next-generation mobility systems

This paper discusses the appropriateness of the “3-stage urban transport policy development cycle” hypothesis proposed by Professor Peter Jones and the importance of both local development context and motorization transport culture in transport policy. It then makes some observations on the future prospects for sustainable cities and transport through major technological innovations in connected and autonomous vehicles, that is, in “Auto Sapiens” as next generation vehicles.     

快速公交预感应信号优先协调控制策略

提出了一种考虑交叉口协调控制的预感应公交信号优先策略,包括两个部分:信号配时优化和协调控制.假设公交车行驶时间已知的情况下,该策略通过按绿信比分配理想时间差和基于公交车站点时空距离转换的改进数解法来实现交叉口的配时优化和协调控制.为了获得该策略的实施效果,以常州市通江南路两相邻交叉口的单个方向为例,设计了四种信号控制情景(无优先、传统优先、预感应优先和预感应协调优先),并利用微观仿真软件VISSIM进行仿真分析.结果表明,四种情景中预感应协调优先策略大大减小了公交在交叉口的延误,提升了公交服务的可靠性,并且对社会车流的干扰最小.     

基于Alias的自由曲面汽车造型设计

在传统的汽车造型设计中,对设计方案的改进往往耗时耗力,生产效率因此受到制约。文章介绍了传统造型设计的流程．提出了理想的纯数字化研发流程及基于Alias的曲面造型原理,以某款车为例,对其中的正向汽车造型设计进行了描述,并用showcase软件对其进行渲染。结果表明,Alias直接建模具有灵活性和高精度的特点,Alias在汽车造型设计中的使用对于缩短产品开发周期,保证产品质量具有重大意义。     

中运量轨道交通选型研究——结合深圳轨道8号线工程实践

随着轨道交通技术的不断进步,轨道制式不断创新,各制式均有其特点及适用范围。结合深圳轨道8号线工程实践,重点分析轮轨B型车与直线电机两种中等运量轨道制式的适用性,并结合8号线工程造价、运营成本、环境影响、与城市发展衔接等因素,提出采用B型车制式的建议。     

基于区域协同的轨道交通发车时刻模型研究

为实现城市轨道交通换乘时间的最佳衔接和提高轨道交通运营系统的效率,对基于区域协同的轨道交通发车时刻问题进行了研究.在分析轨道交通线网协同性,考虑轨道交通内部线路间的换乘衔接和换乘站到达乘客的特性的基础上,以乘客在换乘站总候车时间最小为优化目标,建立了区域协同的发车时刻线性规划模型,并用两条十字交叉的轨道交通线路的算例验...     

郑州市公交价格需求弹性研究

本文结合郑州市公交价格调整实际,研究并估算郑州市BRT、空调公交、全部地面公交的价格需求弹性,研究表明:郑州市地面公交价格需求弹性总体较小.最后分析了其他因素时郑州市公交需求的影响,并在规划、管理、服务等方面提出了城市公交发展的部分建议.     

公交车不规范停靠的调查分析

在城市交通中,公交站台发挥着重要的作用,但是在公交站台经常会出现公交车不规范停靠的现象,这对乘客和城市交通带来了诸多不便.以南京市三中路为例,对公交车的停靠形式进行了调查,分别从公交站台的通行能力、停靠能力以及一些人为因素方面对公交车的不规范停靠进行了分析.在通行能力方面.计算通行能力并与实测结果进行比较;在停靠能力方...