灰关联分析在评估投标公司综合实力中的应用

在权衡开办费、合同违约率等评价因素的基础上,借鉴灰色系统理论,通过灰关联分析,构造灰靶决策模型,对各投标公司的综合实力进行评价,协助业主优选投标公司承接工程,避免传统评标工作只有少数专家参加、评标的每一项打分都体现专家个人的意见、带有很大的主观随意性、或是只依靠单一指标(最低标)进行选择的片面性,提高了决策的精确性和客观性。     

基于乘客换乘量和停车泊位的BRT站台规模研究

快速公交系统(BRT)的研究在我国尚处起步阶段,目前已有一些城市引进了BRT,为了保证公交的快速通行,对BRT站台规模的研究日益重要。首先找出快速公交站台规模的影响因素,由此结合排队论的相关知识,从站台乘客换乘量和泊位对站台规模的影响进行了深入探讨,提出了基于乘客换乘量和基于泊位的站台规模计算模型。该模型可以计算出站台的最小面积和最小长度;再以最小宽度为验算指标,当指标冲突时,结合调整原则,最终得到合理设置的站台规模。     

Modeling NOx and NO2 emissions from mobile sources: A case study for Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

This study characterizes the dispersion of emissions of oxides of nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide from traffic sources in the Hamilton census metropolitan area. The Integrated Model of Urban Landuse and Transportation for Environmental Analysis software was used to estimate emissions of oxides of nitrogen from traffic sources. The Air Pollution Model, was used to simulate dispersion of the traffic emissions over the city. The models account for the two primary wind directions in this region – the prevailing southwest and a secondary northeast direction. The results show a prominent triangle of high pollution defined by major roads and highways along the periphery of the Hamilton Harbour, at peak-hour. With southwest winds, residential areas along the northern shoreline of the Harbour are affected, while the western sections of the city are affected by northeast winds. High concentrations are persistent in some areas, for both wind directions. The resulting dispersion surfaces characterize the spatial distribution of traffic emissions and thus provide a means of assessing population exposure over the Hamilton area.     

Real-time freeway traffic state estimation based on extended Kalman filter: Adaptive capabilities and real data testing

This paper reports on real data testing of a real-time freeway traffic state estimator, with a particular focus on its adaptive capabilities. The pursued general approach to the real-time adaptive estimation of complete traffic state in freeway stretches or networks is based on stochastic macroscopic traffic flow modeling and extended Kalman filtering. One major innovative feature of the traffic state estimator is the online joint estimation of important model parameters (free speed, critical density, and capacity) and traffic flow variables (flows, mean speeds, and densities), which leads to three significant advantages of the estimator: (1) avoidance of prior model calibration; (2) automatic adaptation to changing external conditions (e.g. weather and lighting conditions, traffic composition, control measures); (3) enabling of incident alarms. These three advantages are demonstrated via suitable real data testing. The achieved testing results are satisfactory and promising for subsequent applications.     

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经过规范化的发展,已经涌现出不少成熟的企业信息集成(EII)模型,而城市交通信息集成（UTII）方面还缺乏规范、成熟的模型。基于此,本文从流程再造、数据交互以及数据挖掘三个方面,提出了一种城市交通信息集成三维模型（3D-UTII)。这三个维度的集成即为：基于流程再造的交通信息系统内部的深度集成（DDII）,基于异构数据库技术的交通信息系统间的广度集成（EDII）,以及基于数据挖掘技术的分析式集成（ADII）。本文对这三个维度的实施框架和具体实现技术分别做出了进一步阐述,最后使用北京市奥运交通应急系统的信息集成方案为实例对模型的实施做出了说明和验证。     

公路交通量调查数据分析

根据盘锦地区历年路段交通量实地调查统计资料,对公路交通量增长趋势、混合交通量组成以及表示交通量变化规律的特征值做了分析,并阐明了交调资料对地方公路建设规划的作用.     

A framework for travel time variability analysis using urban traffic incident data

This study aims to develop a framework to estimate travel time variability caused by traffic incidents using integrated traffic, road geometry, incident, and weather data. We develop a series of robust regression models based on the data from a stretch in California's highway system during a two-year period. The models estimate highway clearance time and percent changes in speed for both downstream and upstream sections of the incident bottleneck. The results indicate that highway shoulder and lane width factor adversely impact downstream highway clearance time. Next, travel time variability is estimated based on the proposed speed change models. The results of the split-sample validation show the effectiveness of the proposed models in estimating the travel time variability. Application of the model is examined using a micro-simulation, which demonstrates that equipping travelers with the estimated travel time variability in case of an incident can improve the total travel time by almost 60%. The contribution of this research is to bring several datasets together, which can be advantageous to Traffic Incident Management.     

有交通条件约束与软时间窗约束的配送配载模型算法研究

由于配送中客户的时间窗限制和车辆在运行过程中的交通条件约束，给配送中心的运营调度工作增加了新的难题，为此建立了在该约束条件下的车辆配送配载模型。通过在路径选择时考虑交通条件约束、在建立目标函数时以阈值的形式引入时间窗约束，对原始模型进行了拓展，并构造了该问题的遗传算法。