城市桥梁声屏障设计及交通噪声控制研究

城市桥梁交通噪声污染随着城市道路的发展和车辆增多日益严重,引起了人们的普遍关注。文章以北大桥声屏障设计为研究对象,结合北大桥交通噪声污染调查分析,阐述了声屏障高度、声屏障结构形式等声屏障设计治理方案,并从规划阶段、运营阶段等方面探讨了城市桥梁交通噪声的控制对策。     

道路交通事故发生机理与实例分析

交通事故发生机理是认识道路交通事故发生过程、交通事故预防和改善交通安全的基础。文章以道路交通系统为研究对象,分析道路交通事故的形成过程,将交通事故发生机理分为驾驶行为差错类事故发生机理、外部因素突变类事故发生机理、综合性事故发生机理三类,并在此基础上绘制了道路交通事故发生机理图,同时结合国道109线兰州八盘村路段进行了实例分析。     

浅谈高速公路改扩建工程交通组织方案

文章结合广西沿海高速公路改扩建一期工程实例,阐述了高速公路改扩建工程施工阶段交通组织的总体方案,并介绍了在路基、路面、桥梁施工阶段的交通组织具体措施,为同类型高速公路改扩建施工提供参考。     

厦漳跨海大桥工程技术创新综述

福建省厦漳跨海大桥工程是一个在强风强震强腐蚀性海洋气候条件下,集2座特大跨径斜拉桥主桥、海上长大连续结构引桥和多种施工工法于一体的大型跨海桥梁系统工程。招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司（简称“重庆交科院”）承担了其工程可行性研究、总体方案确定、结构设计、技术保障,以及索缆、铺装、机电施工和试验检测等项目,为大桥建设付出了近10年的艰辛努力,也为工程创新技术的应用作出了重要贡献。     

Traffic conflict assessment for non-lane-based movements of motorcycles under congested conditions

Traffic conflict under congested conditions is one of the main safety issues of motorcycle traffic in developing countries. Unlike cars, motorcycles often display non-lane-based movements such as swerving or oblique following of a lead vehicle when traffic becomes congested. Very few studies have quantitatively evaluated the effects of such non-lane-based movements on traffic conflict. Therefore, in this study we aim to develop an integrated model to assess the traffic conflict of motorcycles under congested conditions. The proposed model includes a concept of safety space to describe the non-lane-based movements unique to motorcycles, new features developed for traffic conflict assessment such as parameters of acceleration and deceleration, and the conditions for choosing a lead vehicle. Calibration data were extracted from video clips taken at two road segments in Ho Chi Minh City. A simulation based on the model was developed to verify the dynamic non-lane-based movements of motorcycles. Subsequently, the assessment of traffic conflict was validated by calculating the probability of sudden braking at each time interval according to the change in the density of motorcycle flow. Our findings underscore the fact that higher flow density may lead to conflicts associated with a greater probability of sudden breaking. Three types of motorcycle traffic conflicts were confirmed, and the proportions of each type were calculated and discussed.     

A Variable Time-Discretization Strategies-Based,Time-Dependent Shortest Path Algorithm for Dynamic Traffic Assignment

Within the simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment (SBDTA) model, the time-dependent shortest path (TDSP) algorithm plays a crucial role in the path-set update procedure by solving for the current optimal auxiliary solution (shortest path). Common types of TDSP algorithms require temporal discretization of link/node time/cost data, and the discretization could affect the solution quality of TDSP and of the overall SBDTA as well. This article introduces two variable time-discretization strategies applicable to TDSP algorithms. The strategies are aimed at determining the optimal time discretization for time-dependent links/nodes travel time data. The first proposed strategy produces a specific discretization interval for each link. The second proposed strategy generates time-varying intervals for the same link over the analysis period. The proposed strategies are implemented in a link-based time-dependent A* algorithm in a SBDTA model DynusT and tested with two numerical experiments on two traffic networks. The results show that the proposed discretization methods achieve the research goal—to flexibly and scalably balance the memory usage and run time for SBDTA without degrading the convergence. This property is rather important when dealing with a large real-world network with a long analysis period.     

Real-Time Transportation Mode Detection Using Smartphones and Artificial Neural Networks: Performance Comparisons Between Smartphones and Conventional Global Positioning System Sensors

Traditionally, traffic monitoring requires data from traffic cameras, loop detectors, or probe vehicles that are usually operated by dedicated employees. In efforts to reduce the capital and operational costs associated with traffic monitoring, departments of transportation have explored the feasibility of using global positioning system (GPS) data loggers on their probe vehicles that are postprocessed for analyzing the traffic patterns on desired routes. Furthermore, most cell phones are equipped with embedded assisted-GPS (AGPS) chips, and if the mode of transportation the phone is in can be anonymously identified, the phones can be treated as if they are probe vehicles that are voluntarily hovering throughout the city, at minimal additional costs. Emerging cell phones known as “smartphones” are equipped with additional sensors including an accelerometer and magnetometer. The accelerometer can directly measure the acceleration values, as opposed to having acceleration values derived from speed values in conventional GPS sensors. The magnetometer can measure mode-specific electromagnetic levels. Smartphones are subscribed with roadside Internet data plans that can provide an essential platform for real-time traffic monitoring. In this article, neural network-based artificial intelligence is used to identify the mode of transportation by detecting the patterns of distinct physical profile of each mode that consists of speed, acceleration, number of satellites in view, and electromagnetic levels. Results show that newly available values in smartphones improve the mode detection rates when compared with using conventional GPS data loggers. When smartphones are in known orientations, they can provide three-dimensional (3-D) acceleration values that can further improve mode detection accuracies.     

提升交通试验检测质量措施探讨

文章结合行业发展实际,分析了当前交通试验检测机构普遍存在的问题,并从提升试验检测机构检测能力、提高服务水平和从业能力角度提出了相应的解决措施。     

城市公共交通时间差别定价可行性研究

在城市交通出行环境日益严峻的背景下,公共交通已成为城市发展的关键要素之一,如何提高公共交通的管理质量与效能受到越来越多关注。为解决城市公共交通客流时间不均衡、高峰过度拥挤的问题,提出了时间差别定价的概念。梳理了国内外相关研究进展,从乘客出行时间、边际成本和各方利益三方面分析了时间差别定价在我国的可行性,最后研究了推动时间差别定价实施的策略建议。     

系统功能语言学语境论下的汉英翻译分析

语境是系统功能语言学里面的一个重要概念,语境论下语言的意思表示有言内之意与言外之意两种。语境论的核心是探索有效理解原语作者真实意思的途径并为翻译服务。按照系统功能语言学对语境的分类,分别从语言的上下文语境、情景语境和文化语境等三个方面介绍了语境论之于翻译的作用,并试图寻找有效的翻译策略。