基于Hoek理论考虑地震力作用的楔形体稳定性计算分析

Hoek理论是楔形体问题分析及计算的常用理论,它假定各滑面均为平面,以各滑面总抗滑力与楔形体总下滑力的比值来确定安全系数。但传统的Hoek理论未考虑地震力的影响,对需要考虑地震作用的地区其应用受限。基于Hoek理论采用极限平衡法的分析原理,将地震对楔形体的作用力纳入Hoek理论,从而得到一个考虑地震作用下楔形体稳定性的计算方法,并应用在临岳高速公路边坡的稳定性分析上,与实际情况吻合,说明推导的计算方法是正确的。     

Is road pricing effective in abating pollution? Evidence from Milan

We estimate the effect of a road pricing policy introduced in Milan in 2008 on concentrations of benzene, carbon monoxide, particulates, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide. We found a sizeable effect of the Ecopass on air quality in terms of reduction in the concentration of carbon monoxide and particulates a few days after its introduction, although this effect disappeared after only one week. We interpret these results as indicative of an inefficient policy design: motorbikes were not charged and the treated area is too limited to generate positive outcomes for the whole city. Further evidence from a natural experiment given by a temporary suspension of the charge in 2012 confirms our hypothesis on the incentives for motorbike usage.     

论述智能网联汽车的发展

智能网联汽车越来越受人们的关注,文章介绍了智能网联汽车的背景以及国内外研究现状和对智能汽车的智能化等级划分标准,以及智能汽车的技术体系架构的组成,介绍了环境感知系统,智能汽车的检测方法及智能汽车在交通安全方面的应用,简介闯红灯提醒、盲区来车提醒、避撞提醒和紧急制动提醒等。最后就目前的发展状况,提出智能汽车发展过程中存在的安全问题。     

Transition to a cyclable city: Latent variables affecting bicycle commuting

An understanding of the key factors influencing bicycle commuting is essential for developing effective policies towards a cyclable city. This paper contributes to this line of research by proposing a methodology for including cycling-related indicators in mobility surveys based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and applying an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to evaluate the structure of latent variables associated with bicycle commuting. The EFA identified six cycling latent variables: Lifestyle, Safety and comfort, Awareness, Direct disadvantages, Subjective norm, and Individual capabilities. These were complemented with a latent variable related to habit: Non-commuting cycling habit. Statistical differences and regression analysis were applied with the cycling latent variables. The study also includes the relationship between objective factors and bicycle commuting, which reveals minor associations. This methodology was applied to the “starter cycling city” of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). The results confirm that in this context – in transition to a cyclable city – safety and comfort issues are not the main barriers for all commuters, although more progress needs to be made to normalise cycling. A set of customised policy initiatives is recommended in the light of the research findings, including marketing campaigns to encourage non-commuting cycling trips, bicycle measures to target social groups as opposed to individuals, bicycle-specific programs such as “Bike-to-work Days”, and cycling courses.     

Controlling road congestion via a low-complexity route reservation approach

This work introduces a novel route reservation architecture to manage road traffic within an urban area. The developed routing architecture decomposes the road infrastructure into slots in the spatial and temporal domains and for every vehicle, it makes the appropriate route reservations to avoid traffic congestion while minimizing the traveling time. Under this architecture, any road segment is admissible to be traversed only during time-slots when the accumulated reservations do not exceed its critical density. A road-side unit keeps track of all reservations which are subsequently used to solve the routing problem for each vehicle. Through this routing mechanism, vehicles can either be delayed at their origin or are routed through longer but non-congested routes such that their traveling time is minimized. In this work, the proposed architecture is presented and the resulting route reservation problem is mathematically formulated. Through a complexity analysis of the routing problem, it is shown that for certain cases, the problem reduces to an NP-complete problem. A heuristic solution to the problem is also proposed and is used to conduct realistic simulations across a particular region of the San Francisco area, demonstrating the promising gains of the proposed solution to alleviate traffic congestion.     

大客流扰动下的北京地铁脆弱性研究

近年来大客流对北京地铁的冲击使车站负荷强度不断增大,车站日常运营存在安全隐患,地铁系统逐渐呈现出脆弱性。地铁脆弱性表现为暴露度、易感度和适应度。鉴于地铁脆弱性体系具有层级性、定性定量结合性、多专家决策性、指标灰性等特点,综合运用层次分析法、灰色理论、模糊综合评价以及多专家决策理论,构建群体灰色层次模糊评价法(GGAHP)。基于指标体系评价法,根据现场考察、专家座谈等方式完成大客流扰动对北京地铁安全运营的影响因素识别,通过模糊德尔菲法建立评价指标体系,通过定量分析与定性评价相结合的方法,对北京地铁客流压力较大的典型车站进行脆弱性评价,并对评价结果进行分析总结。     

格尔木铁路综合客运枢纽交通规划及综合开发研究

为了实现格尔木铁路综合客运枢纽交通功能最优化与开发收益最大化,对枢纽交通规划及综合开发进行研究意义重大。枢纽交通规划从客流预测、交通换乘、设施规模预测、设施布局、车场布置、客流组织、外部道路交通优化分析,枢纽综合开发从业态需求、业态定位、地块价值、业态布局、收益测算研究。研究表明,格尔木铁路综合客运枢纽在可实现交通功能最优的同时,确保综合开发盈利弥补建设运营的亏损,为类似项目提供借鉴参考。     

简析广州大学城交通

区域的发展，离不开交通的支撑，交通问题成了影响大学城可持续发展的重要因素之一。本文简述广州大学城交通具有道路网密集、停车场存在供求矛盾等特点，并概括大学城师生表现出学生以公共交通出行为主、师生出行耗时长、换乘不便等出行特征，由此揭示大学城存在公交班次设计不尽合理、超载现象时有发生等问题，最后提出根据客流情况而适当增加班次、设置进入校园的路标指示牌、实行必要交通管制等建议与对策。     

A multi-class model-based control scheme for reducing congestion and emissions in freeway networks by combining ramp metering and route guidance

The paper proposes a multi-class control scheme for freeway traffic networks. This control scheme combines two control strategies, i.e. ramp metering and route guidance, in order to reduce the total time spent and the total emissions in a balanced way. In particular, the ramp metering and route guidance controllers are feedback predictive controllers, i.e. they compute the control actions not only on the basis of the measured system state, but also on the basis of the prediction of the system evolution, in terms of traffic conditions and traffic emissions. Another important feature of the controllers is that they have a multi-class nature: different classes of vehicles are considered and specific control actions are computed for each class. Since the controllers are based on a set of parameters that need to be tuned, the overall control framework also includes a module to properly determine the gains of the controllers. The simulation analysis reported in the paper shows the effectiveness of the proposed control framework and, in particular, the possibility of implementing control policies that are specific for each vehicle type.     

改进非参数回归在交通状态预测中的应用

非参数回归是解决短时交通参数预测问题的较好方法。文章针对非参数回归方法应用于交通状态预测时所存在的不足，提出了由主成分分析的状态向量选取方法和基于斜率表示的相似性度量方法相结合的改进型非参数回归方法，并结合厦门市仙岳隧道工程进行实例验证，表明该改进方法具有较好的预测效果。