基于可持续发展的城市客运交通方式分担率预测模型研究

可持续发展是人类21世纪的主题,因此在交通方式分担率预测时不仅要考虑需求,更要考虑社会经济、资源及环境。文章即基于这一思想提出了可持续发展的客运交通方式分担率宏观优化模型,在宏观控制的基础上,充分考虑影响城市客运交通结构的各因素,建立了基于距离曲线的城市客运交通方式分担率预测模型,并通过实例进行了分析验证。     

交通冲突技术在ETC安全评价中的应用研究

由于数据缺乏,国内外有关ETC对交通安全影响的评价研究开展甚少。ETC系统对交通安全究竟会产生怎样的影响,如何进行分析评价,是一个全新的课题。作者参考了其它交通设施的安全评价方法并结合我国交通安全管理的实际情况,得出了仅运用事故统计数据模型来评价ETC对收费区安全水平的影响是欠可靠的这一结论,确定采用以非事故间接评价方法暨交通冲突技术对ETC安全进行评价。本文旨在确立ETC系统的安全评价方法并搭建其评价框架,着重探讨了如何在收费区引入交通冲突技术。     

基于实测数据评估交通事件检测中神经网络应用性的研究

神经网络为交通事件自动检测技术摆脱传统方法探测率低、误报率高的状况提供了新的解决思路。在以往局限于仿真数据研究的基础上,本文利用I-880数据库实测交通事件数据对神经网络在交通事件自动检测中的实际应用进行了研究,结果表明:神经网络应用于交通事件自动检测技术中,具有较高的探测率和较低的误报率,但该算法可移植性较差,在实际应用中要予以考虑。     

钢桥面热塑性沥青混合料铺装车辙预估方法

钢桥面热塑性沥青混合料铺装车辙病害主要是铺装层抵抗剪切变形或塑性流动能力不足引起的,而铺装层混合料的初期压密只会增加车辙量而不足以形成车辙破坏。本文利用通用有限元ANSYS软件提供的蠕变模型和层-应变法,提出了钢桥面热塑性沥青混合料铺装车辙预估方法,并研究了车辙预估模型中参数的确定方法。实例分析表明,本文提出的钢桥面热塑性沥青混合料铺装车辙预估方法是可行的。     

基于TDM的出租车供需调控方案研究

交通需求管理（TDM）是能从根本上解决城市交通问题的策略,具有现实的意义。针对成都市出租车供需现状,运用系统的思想对各供需调控方案进行评价比选,分析交通需求管理的必要性并提出针对出租车的交通需求管理的具体措施,可为解决出租车的供需矛盾提供参考。     

几何设计对快速路立交匝道行车安全性的影响

由于城市快速路转向交通流量大、线形设计标准低,快速路立交匝道成为交通事故的多发点。利用上海市快速路3年事故数据和交通流量检测数据,以上海市浦西地区快速路立交匝道为研究对象,根据车辆在匝道上的行驶特征以及车辆交互特性,将立交匝道划分成出口段、衔接段和入口段及左转匝道、右转匝道等5个研究单元,针对各单元分别建立负二项模型分析匝道几何设计及其组合参数、交通流特征对于安全的影响。结果表明,出口段及入口段的安全性与几何特征的联系较为紧密;迂回式左转匝道相较于右转匝道受几何线形影响大;流量越大、长度越长,事故风险越高,但出口段的长度与事故发生呈负相关关系;出口处为直线、入口处存在长直下坡路段、入口处线形与主线差异大的立交匝道安全性差;迂回式左转匝道上存在过小半径曲线,特别是将小半径曲线设置在出口处,会极大增加事故几率。     

基于Gb接口信令分析的深圳站进路预告故障处理

进路预告信息通过GPRS网络传递,是CTC与CIR之间传输的重要业务之一,是保障铁路运输安全的重要手段.围绕广深线深圳站进路预告接收异常问题,进行故障定位,判断为因CIR发生小区重选导致短暂脱网丢包,从而影响到深圳站进路预告接收,为此提出调整天线倾角及重选参数的优化方案,为相关铁路单位运维工作提供参考.     

Cellpath: Fusion of cellular and traffic sensor data for route flow estimation via convex optimization

A new convex optimization framework is developed for the route flow estimation problem from the fusion of vehicle count and cellular network data. The issue of highly underdetermined link flow based methods in transportation networks is investigated, then solved using the proposed concept of cellpaths for cellular network data. With this data-driven approach, our proposed approach is versatile: it is compatible with other data sources, and it is model agnostic and thus compatible with user equilibrium, system-optimum, Stackelberg concepts, and other models. Using a dimensionality reduction scheme, we design a projected gradient algorithm suitable for the proposed route flow estimation problem. The algorithm solves a block isotonic regression problem in the projection step in linear time. The accuracy, computational efficiency, and versatility of the proposed approach are validated on the I-210 corridor near Los Angeles, where we achieve 90% route flow accuracy with 1033 traffic sensors and 1000 cellular towers covering a large network of highways and arterials with more than 20,000 links. In contrast to long-term land use planning applications, we demonstrate the first system to our knowledge that can produce route-level flow estimates suitable for short time horizon prediction and control applications in traffic management. Our system is open source and available for validation and extension.     

Highway voting system: Embracing a possible paradigm shift in traffic data acquisition

The integration of internet and mobile phones has opened the door to a new wave of utilizing private vehicles as probes not only for performance evaluation but for traffic control as well, gradually replacing the role of traffic surveillance systems as the dominant source of traffic data. To prepare for such a paradigm shift, one needs to overcome some key institutional barriers, in particular, the privacy issue. A Highway Voting System (HVS) is proposed to address this issue in which drivers provide link- and/or path-based vehicle data to the traffic management system in the form of “votes” in order to receive favorable service from traffic control. The proposed HVS offers a platform that links data from individual vehicles directly with traffic control. In the system, traffic control responds to voting vehicles in a way similar to the current system responding to prioritized vehicles and providing the requested services accordingly. We show in the paper that the proposed “voting” system can effectively resolve the privacy issue which often hampers traffic engineers from getting detailed data from drivers. Strategies to entice drivers into “voting” so as to increase the market penetration level under all traffic conditions are discussed. Though the focus of the paper is on addressing the institutional issues associated with data acquisition from individual vehicles, other research topics associated with the proposed system are identified. Two examples are given to demonstrate the impact of the proposed system on algorithm development and traffic control.     

Hierarchal assessment of noise pollution in urban areas – A case study

Noise pollution in urban areas has many harmful effects on the citizens. There are varieties of noise generation sources of which the traffic noise could be a major source. The point which is perhaps less noticed is that sound level is not the only parameter to indicate the extent and intensity of noise pollution. Situation of urban land uses, distribution of population centers and types of passages can deeply affect the concern on this environmental issue but not with a similar ratio. This article presents an overlaying technique to define noise prone areas using all different factors involved. A case study was carried out in the District 14 of Tehran Metropolitan City where there are busy streets and highways. For this purpose, the share of each criterion in noise pollution intensity was determined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Afterwards, the map layers were overlaid based upon the relative importance of the criteria to get the final map on which the noise prone areas are specified. The developed method could be used as a tool for indirect estimation of noise pollution by which instead of direct measurement of the equivalent sound level, it would be possible to predict noise susceptible areas considering the most important influential factors.