A Variable Time-Discretization Strategies-Based,Time-Dependent Shortest Path Algorithm for Dynamic Traffic Assignment

Within the simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment (SBDTA) model, the time-dependent shortest path (TDSP) algorithm plays a crucial role in the path-set update procedure by solving for the current optimal auxiliary solution (shortest path). Common types of TDSP algorithms require temporal discretization of link/node time/cost data, and the discretization could affect the solution quality of TDSP and of the overall SBDTA as well. This article introduces two variable time-discretization strategies applicable to TDSP algorithms. The strategies are aimed at determining the optimal time discretization for time-dependent links/nodes travel time data. The first proposed strategy produces a specific discretization interval for each link. The second proposed strategy generates time-varying intervals for the same link over the analysis period. The proposed strategies are implemented in a link-based time-dependent A* algorithm in a SBDTA model DynusT and tested with two numerical experiments on two traffic networks. The results show that the proposed discretization methods achieve the research goal—to flexibly and scalably balance the memory usage and run time for SBDTA without degrading the convergence. This property is rather important when dealing with a large real-world network with a long analysis period.     

Real-Time Transportation Mode Detection Using Smartphones and Artificial Neural Networks: Performance Comparisons Between Smartphones and Conventional Global Positioning System Sensors

Traditionally, traffic monitoring requires data from traffic cameras, loop detectors, or probe vehicles that are usually operated by dedicated employees. In efforts to reduce the capital and operational costs associated with traffic monitoring, departments of transportation have explored the feasibility of using global positioning system (GPS) data loggers on their probe vehicles that are postprocessed for analyzing the traffic patterns on desired routes. Furthermore, most cell phones are equipped with embedded assisted-GPS (AGPS) chips, and if the mode of transportation the phone is in can be anonymously identified, the phones can be treated as if they are probe vehicles that are voluntarily hovering throughout the city, at minimal additional costs. Emerging cell phones known as “smartphones” are equipped with additional sensors including an accelerometer and magnetometer. The accelerometer can directly measure the acceleration values, as opposed to having acceleration values derived from speed values in conventional GPS sensors. The magnetometer can measure mode-specific electromagnetic levels. Smartphones are subscribed with roadside Internet data plans that can provide an essential platform for real-time traffic monitoring. In this article, neural network-based artificial intelligence is used to identify the mode of transportation by detecting the patterns of distinct physical profile of each mode that consists of speed, acceleration, number of satellites in view, and electromagnetic levels. Results show that newly available values in smartphones improve the mode detection rates when compared with using conventional GPS data loggers. When smartphones are in known orientations, they can provide three-dimensional (3-D) acceleration values that can further improve mode detection accuracies.     

提升交通试验检测质量措施探讨

文章结合行业发展实际,分析了当前交通试验检测机构普遍存在的问题,并从提升试验检测机构检测能力、提高服务水平和从业能力角度提出了相应的解决措施。     

独头巷道中炮烟散发规律及浓度预测模型试验研究

在钻爆法开采的地下金属矿山中,监测和预测炮烟中有毒气体散发过程对于保障作业人员安全和提高生产效率有重要意义。文章对某地下矿山独头巷道强制通风状态下的炮烟浓度变化规律进行了模型试验研究;通过数据拟合发现,巷道中炮烟的浓度变化可按e指数规律衰减;炮烟散发过程中各巷道截面位置处的最大浓度与炮烟抛掷区理论初始浓度有较强的线性关系。研究结果可为预测响炮后巷道内达到CO安全浓度所需时间及组建硬件系统时传感器的选择提供依据。     

城市公共交通时间差别定价可行性研究

在城市交通出行环境日益严峻的背景下,公共交通已成为城市发展的关键要素之一,如何提高公共交通的管理质量与效能受到越来越多关注。为解决城市公共交通客流时间不均衡、高峰过度拥挤的问题,提出了时间差别定价的概念。梳理了国内外相关研究进展,从乘客出行时间、边际成本和各方利益三方面分析了时间差别定价在我国的可行性,最后研究了推动时间差别定价实施的策略建议。     

城市交通拥挤对策新解

为改变拥挤对策讨论庞杂无序、实效有限的状况,全面检索并总结了城市交通拥挤对策的理论和实践成果,将其归纳为时间、对象和技术三维结构模型,阐释了这三个维度上的代表性对策。从问题根本性和现实特性出发,提出了设计和实施交通拥挤对策的基本理念、总体目标和约束条件,归纳了四项综合对策。对策的设计面向交通拥挤的根本性特征和现实性焦点,并从五个方面论述了实施交通拥挤对策的关键技术和方法,涉及公交系统设计从满负荷公交向舒适公交转变、落实智能交通系统实效性的重点、以交通管理效能反向约束前导的规划建设环节等。     

Vehicle reidentification and travel time measurement on congested freeways

The paper presents an algorithm for matching individual vehicles measured at a freeway detector with the vehicles’ corresponding measurements taken earlier at another detector located upstream. Although this algorithm is potentially compatible with many vehicle detector technologies, the paper illustrates the method using existing dual-loop detectors to measure vehicle lengths. This detector technology has seen widespread deployment for velocity measurement. Since the detectors were not developed to measure vehicle length, these measurements can include significant errors. To overcome this problem, the algorithm exploits drivers’ tendencies to retain their positions within dense platoons. The otherwise complicated task of vehicle reidentification is carried out by matching these platoons rather than individual vehicles. Of course once a vehicle has been matched across neighboring detector stations, the difference in its arrival time at each station defines the vehicle’s travel time on the intervening segment.Findings from an application of the algorithm over a 1/3 mile long segment are presented herein and they indicate that a sufficient number of vehicles can be matched for the purpose of traffic surveillance. As such, the algorithm extracts travel time data without requiring the deployment of new detector technologies. In addition to the immediate impacts on traffic monitoring, the work provides a means to quantify the potential benefits of emerging detector technologies that promise to extract more detailed information from individual vehicles.     

行车安全系统中多系统校验算法的研究

针对行车安全中和监控网络中有关检测设备的校验问题,提出基于确报纠错的多系统校验算法,研究校验算法的思想和检测信息扩展属性的生成,使得检测设备的信息更准确和更完整.     

空管班组的建设和优化分析

提高人力资源的利用率及工作效率是空管班组资源管理的最终目的。通过分析目前我国空中交通管理系统中空管班组现状,提出合理的空管班组建设原则,并论述具体的实施方法。     

相关系数模型在交通影响分析中的应用

本文在对常用交通影响分析范围确定方法和项目交通分布预测方法分析的基础上,将基于交通观测的相关系数模型运用于项目出行分布预测,提出在出行分布预测的同时逐步确定交通影响范围的方法,并结合具体案例进行分析。文章最后总结了模型的优点。