Freeway traffic oscillations: Microscopic analysis of formations and propagations using Wavelet Transform

In this paper we identify the origins of stop-and-go (or slow-and-go) driving and measure microscopic features of their propagations by analyzing vehicle trajectories via Wavelet Transform. Based on 53 oscillation cases analyzed, we find that oscillations can be originated by either lane-changing maneuvers (LCMs) or car-following (CF) behavior. LCMs were predominantly responsible for oscillation formations in the absence of considerable horizontal or vertical curves, whereas oscillations formed spontaneously near roadside work on an uphill segment. Regardless of the trigger, the features of oscillation propagations were similar in terms of propagation speed, oscillation duration, and amplitude. All observed cases initially exhibited a precursor phase, in which slow-and-go motions were localized. Some of them eventually transitioned into a well-developed phase, in which oscillations propagated upstream in queue. LCMs were primarily responsible for the transition, although some transitions occurred without LCMs. Our findings also suggest that an oscillation has a regressive effect on car-following behavior: a deceleration wave of an oscillation affects a timid driver (characterized by larger response time and/or minimum spacing) to become less timid and an aggressive driver less aggressive, although this change may be short-lived. An extended framework of Newell’s CF model is able to describe the regressive effect with two additional parameters with reasonable accuracy, as verified using vehicle trajectory data.     

Autonomous vehicle control systems for safe crossroads

This article presents a cooperative manoeuvre among three dual mode cars – vehicles equipped with sensors and actuators, and that can be driven either manually or autonomously. One vehicle is driven autonomously and the other two are driven manually. The main objective is to test two decision algorithms for priority conflict resolution at intersections so that a vehicle autonomously driven can take their own decision about crossing an intersection mingling with manually driven cars without the need for infrastructure modifications. To do this, the system needs the position, speeds, and turning intentions of the rest of the cars involved in the manoeuvre. This information is acquired via communications, but other methods are also viable, such as artificial vision. The idea of the experiments was to adjust the speed of the manually driven vehicles to force a situation where all three vehicles arrive at an intersection at the same time.     

钱江盾构隧道设计速度标准及交通安全分析

通过对6车道钱江盾构隧道工程的通行能力与服务水平、隧道建设与运营养护成本、超大直径盾构机械制造可行性及施工可靠性等方面的综合分析,确定了钱江隧道80 km/h的设计速度标准;通过对内侧3.5 m车道宽度、不设紧急停车带和检修道等横断面设计带来的交通安全风险的分析,提出了相应的交通安全对策,得出了钱江过江通道采用15 m直径盾构隧道的可行性结论。     

通渭路黄河大桥交通影响评价

文章基于现阶段兰州市道路、桥梁交通量情况,对拟建的通渭路黄河大桥设计方案进行了交通影响评价,并探讨了项目建成后可能存在的问题及相应的解决措施。     

驾驶模拟在交通事故致因理论体系中的应用研究

通过分析交通事故致因理论中各种因素的层次和因果关系,对原有的模型进行了修正,建立了间接因素加上两层直接因素的致因理论体系.驾驶模拟方法在事故致因理论的研究中所用甚少,因此,本文针对上述体系的各个直接因素,提出了利用驾驶模拟器进行致因研究的方法.以研究能见度与驾驶员应急反应行为能力关系的驾驶模拟实验为例,验证了利用驾驶模...     

新加坡城市交通无障碍设计及对我国的启示

本文在系统分析我国人口老龄化问题的基础上,引申出无障碍相关概念,通过总结新加坡城市道路和交通枢纽无障碍“以人为本”的设计特色,针对我国高比例的老年人口规模和残障人士渴望进一步融入社会的强烈愿望,从观念革新、系统规划、风格设计等方面探讨有益于我国城市交通无障碍建设的启示与借鉴。     

郑州市公交场站复合利用策略研究

公交场站是公共交通网络的关键节点,其复合利用模式可影响公交服务质量。本文从理论基础及应用策略两个层面对城市公交场站复合利用模式进行梳理,对公交场站复合利用的意义、模式及方法进行研究,建立集约高效的公交场站复合利用模式。以郑州市为例,验证了本文提出的公交场站复合利用模式能够适应这个时期的城市用地发展特征,提高公交场站服务能力,同时可减轻政府财政压力,发挥投资效益,可为政府部门制定公交场站复合利用模式提供参考。     

大型公共建筑与交通设施组合规划研究

大型公共建筑是城市中人流的集散点与交通枢纽,在其使用的过程中势必引起复杂繁忙的交通运输问题.在阐述大型公共建筑交通影响分析的基础上,本文区别对待对于大型公共建筑具有不同功能与作用的交通设施,并重点分述了不同交通设施与大型公共建筑的优化配置问题.目的是:将大型公共建筑和与之配套的交通设施组合规划成为一个有机整体,以期实现在保证大型公共建筑使用功能的前提下,安全合理地疏导交通.     

Accounting for traffic speed dynamics when calculating COPERT and PHEM pollutant emissions at the urban scale

Coupling a traffic microsimulation with an emission model is a means of assessing fuel consumptions and pollutant emissions at the urban scale. Dealing with congested states requires the efficient capture of traffic dynamics and their conditioning for the emission model. Two emission models are investigated here: COPERT IV and PHEM v11. Emission calculations were performed at road segments over 6 min periods for an area of Paris covering 3 km². The resulting network fuel consumption (FC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are then compared. This article investigates: (i) the sensitivity of COPERT to the mean speed definition, and (ii) how COPERT emission functions can be adapted to cope with vehicle dynamics related to congestion. In addition, emissions are evaluated using detailed traffic output (vehicle trajectories) paired with the instantaneous emission model, PHEM.COPERT emissions are very sensitive to mean speed definition. Using a degraded speed definition leads to an underestimation ranging from −13% to −25% for fuel consumption during congested periods (from −17% to −36% respectively for NOx emissions). Including speed distribution with COPERT leads to higher emissions, especially under congested conditions (+13% for FC and +16% for NOx). Finally, both these implementations are compared to the instantaneous modeling chain results. Performance indicators are introduced to quantify the sensitivity of the coupling to traffic dynamics. Using speed distributions, performance indicators are more or less doubled compared to traditional implementation, but remain lower than when relying on trajectories paired with the PHEM emission model.