基于用户平衡分析的铁路旅客列车票额分配计划制定及评价方法

票额分配计划必须最大限度地满足旅客集体乘车选择行为下长途旅客的出行需求,其中的旅客集体乘车选择行为表现为基于客车开行方案的换乘网络上的用户平衡态,据此平衡态提出以直接人公里数最大为目标的票额分配计划制定方法。进而根据短途套用、票额共用和席位复用等售票策略、以及这些策略对旅客集体乘车选择行为的影响,设计基于票额分配计划的换乘网络,依据该换乘网络上的用户平衡态,提出以旅客出行费用和票额分配计划的直接人公里数两项指标组成的评价方法。通过算例展示了票额分配计划的制定过程,并对不同票额分配计划进行了评价分析。     

Assessing the cost of transfer inconvenience in public transport systems: A case study of the London Underground

Few studies have adequately assessed the cost of transfers² in public transport systems, or provided useful guidance on transfer improvements, such as where to invest (which facility), how to invest (which aspect), and how much to invest (quantitative justification of the investment). This paper proposes a new method based on path choice,³ taking into account both the operator’s service supply and the customers’ subjective perceptions to assess transfer cost and to identify ways to reduce it. This method evaluates different transfer components (e.g., transfer walking, waiting, and penalty) with distinct policy solutions and differentiates between transfer stations and movements.The method is applied to one of the largest and most complex public transport systems in the world, the London Underground (LUL), with a focus on 17 major transfer stations and 303 transfer movements. This study confirms that transfers pose a significant cost to LUL, and that cost is distributed unevenly across stations and across platforms at a station. Transfer stations are perceived very differently by passengers in terms of their overall cost and composition. The case study suggests that a better understanding of transfer behavior and improvements to the transfer experience could significantly benefit public transport systems.     

厦门(新)站综合交通枢纽换乘客流组织评价研究

交通枢纽的核心功能在于换乘,枢纽的首要任务是构建高效、快捷、便利的换乘条件,而对枢纽换乘效率产生巨大影响的因素主要是枢纽交通设施的布局及客流组织方式。利用传统四阶段法建立枢纽换乘量的预测模型,对厦门(新)站枢纽的换乘量进行预测,并在厦门(新)站枢纽现有规划设施布局的基础上,制定合理的换乘组织方案,同时建立评价指标对枢纽的客流组织进行评价,得到厦门(新)站枢纽交通设施布局的不足,提出改善措施。     

Commuters’ willingness-to-pay for improvement of transfer facilities in and around metro stations – A case study in Kolkata

Although several cities in India are developing the metro system, there are lacunas associated with transfer facilities in and around metro stations. The present work aims to investigate the perception of commuters of Kolkata city, India in terms of their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improvement of transfer facilities. A stated preference survey instrument was designed to collect choice responses from metro commuters and the database was analysed by developing random parameter logit (RPL) models. The decomposition effects of various socioeconomic and trip characteristics on mean estimates were also investigated in random parameter logit models with heterogeneity. The work indicates significantly high WTP of metro commuters as compared to the average metro fare for improvement of various qualitative attributes of transfer facility such as ‘facility for level change’, ‘visual communication’, ‘pedestrian crossing’, and ‘pedestrian environment’. The WTP values are also found to vary across different groups of commuter formed on the basis of ‘trip purpose’, ‘monthly household income’, ‘station type’ and ‘metro fare’. ‘Work trip’ commuters are found to have higher WTP for improvement of access time, pedestrian environment and use of an escalator over the elevator. On the other hand, ‘high-income group’ commuters have shown higher WTP for improvement of access time, pedestrian crossing, and pedestrian environment. While ‘high fare group’ commuters have higher WTP for access time and pedestrian environment, heterogeneity is also observed in WTP for facility for level change, pedestrian crossing, and pedestrian environment across commuters using different ‘station type’ (underground, at-grade, and elevated). The findings from the study provide a basis for formulating policies for the improvement of transfer facilities in and around metro stations giving due attention to the preference of commuters having different socioeconomic and trip characteristics.     

未开放代码整车系统间BOM传递方案研究及应用

整车企业系统之间,因为底层代码不开放,数据结构逻辑未知等困难,无法实现精准对接。致力于通过大数据分析,数据结构排列组合等方法,验证出未开放系统的底层数据逻辑,实现数据关键字段管理。得出工程数据系统关键字段,不仅包含业务信息,还存在内核字段的结论。在无法获知底层封装代码的情况下,找到一条系统间从数据本身研究数据底层逻辑结构的有效论证和系统开发方法,建立精准变更对接管理规则,实现数据快速准确传递。     

重庆至上海洋山集装箱运输方式研究

通过对长江干线集装箱运输市场、航线、货源、通航条件的调研及分析,对重庆港至上海国际航运中心大、小洋山港集装箱运输的中转、江海直达方式进行论证,认为在现阶段宜采用中转运输组织方式,而直达运输方式经济性相对较差。     

铁路旅客旅行换乘方案优选算法

为给铁路旅客选择合理的旅行方案提供参考,以旅行目标值与换乘目标值之和最小作为目标函数值,考虑旅客从起点站出发、最终到达终到站、在中转站进出平衡的约束条件,建立旅客旅行换乘方案选择问题的数学模型。分别给出旅行时间、换乘次数、票价、距离、到发时刻和综合指数6种目标权值的确定方法,提出最短路法和列车匹配法2种求解方法。最短路法是通过构造并简化旅客运输网络,求出网络上若干条次短路,再根据各条次短路上列车的接续,构造列车换乘方案网络图,根据该网络的目标权值确定最短路,得到最优换乘方案。列车匹配法是根据列车运行图信息直接搜索发、到站的接续列车集合,求其两列车对应的重合停车站,根据重合停车站集合的情况选择迭代步数,剔除显然不利方案,构成换乘方案,根据方案的权值进行比选,得到最优换乘方案。对2种算法均用C#编程实现,并用现有的全路客票数据进行检算。计算结果表明:2种算法均能得到最优换乘方案;列车匹配法所用计算时间比最短路法少160 ms。     

带保护线的全并联AT供电方式故障测距方案研究

提出了1种能够适合带保护线的全并联AT供电系统的故障测距方案.首先根据转移阻抗法推导出带保护线的全并联AT供电系统的测距公式,再找到带保护线的AT供电方式故障测距公式中阻抗的计算方法,解决了目前没有带保护线等值电路情况下的阻抗计算问题,最后运用Matlab/Simulink仿真验证故障测距公式的适用性.     

水泥混凝土路面脱空状况下的弯沉分析

采用Winkler地基不等平面尺寸双层双块板模型,分析了基层横向超宽Ba、板角脱空尺寸Lv及不同结构组合对板中、板角弯沉及弯沉传荷效率W、弯沉指数DI的影响。结果表明,不同结构组合中,板中、板角弯沉不同,基层超宽Ba、板角脱空尺寸Lv的变化对板角弯沉影响比较显著,对板中弯沉影响不大。弯沉传荷效率W、弯沉比DI随脱空量变化曲线具有相关性。分析结果可用于水泥混凝土路面板底脱空的评价。     

火车站综合枢纽城市配套交通设施规划研究

通过对火车站综合枢纽交通设施分类的分析,将主要的交通设施分为3类,即铁路设施、城市对外交通设施和城市内部交通设施。以城市内部交通设施为论述重点,详细阐述火车站枢纽铁路旅客车站与城市轨道交通站点的换乘及布局;总结并研究火车站与城市公共交通的关系和换乘特征,重点研究公交车场和出租车场的各类规划布局形式,简要阐述火车站综合枢纽的个体交通的规划。旨在为火车站综合枢纽城市内部的各种交通方式的衔接、布置形式以及换乘设计提供参考。