一种多模式下考虑排放的交通分配模型及其算法研究

讨论了一类考虑排放的、非可加路径费用下的交通分配问题.在Venigalla等人研究的基础上,进一步完善了考虑不同发动机启动模式下考虑排放的交通分配模型,并采用一种基于路径的、非集计的单纯分解算法求解,然后应用到一个网络实例中进行了数值验证.数值计算结果表明,在求最优解的迭代过程中,基于非集计的单纯分解算法比基于F-W算法的收敛速度快,适用于求解非可加路径费用的大规模交通分配问题.     

Hilbert-Huang变换结合近似熵在疲劳驾驶时脑电分析中的应用

研究疲劳驾驶状态下驾驶员脑电信号的特征。结合Hilbert-Huang Transform(HHT)方法和近似熵方法,提出了一种新的脑电信号处理方法:HHT近似熵方法,首先用HHT方法把脑电信号分解为多个内在的模式分量,然后求取各个模式分量的近似熵值,探讨疲劳驾驶时脑电信号的非线性特征。在汽车模拟驾驶仪上进行疲劳驾驶,同时用脑电测量仪器测量驾驶员脑电,用HHT近似熵方法对正常静坐、正常驾驶、疲劳静坐、疲劳驾驶4种脑电信号进行具体的分析处理,结果表明d_2、d_4近似熵比值可以区分4种脑电信号,可以作为疲劳驾驶时的脑电特征。为疲劳驾驶的预警系统研究提供了理论上的一些依据和参考。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的车型识别算法研究

以感应线圈车辆检测器检测数据为分析基础,给出了基于Bayes理论的感应曲线自适应特征提取流程和方法,对选取的12个统计特征指标进行提取和优选。选择了曲线宽度、最大值、波峰数量、最小波谷值和波谷比组成车型识别模型的特征输入向量,不仅降低了输入向量的维数,缩短了最小二乘支持向量机的训练时间,同时也可加快车型识别的分类速度,增强特征值的分类辨别能力,提高车型分类的可靠性。在提出的基于最小二乘支持向量机的车型识别算法中,采用了修剪算法,加快了计算速度,同时保持了良好的回归性能。通过实例分析证明:基于最小二乘支持向量机的车型识别算法可提高自学习能力和识别准确率。     

内河集装箱班轮优先过闸管理模式探讨

文章结合2013年最新出台的《广西壮族自治区船闸管理办法》,以及近期国家关于行政审批制度改革的相关精神和要求,对集装箱班轮优先过闸条款进行探索和研究,分析了集装箱班轮优先过闸面临的主要问题,提出了一套新的市场管理模式,即主要采取企业公开"承诺制",加上"定期、定港、定线、不定船"的管理模式,通过实施"宽进严管",以期在简政放权的同时,能够充分发挥市场作用,促进企业自律,推动内河集装箱班轮运输市场的健康发展。     

Developing an enhanced weight-based topological map-matching algorithm for intelligent transport systems

Map-matching (MM) algorithms integrate positioning data from a Global Positioning System (or a number of other positioning sensors) with a spatial road map with the aim of identifying the road segment on which a user (or a vehicle) is travelling and the location on that segment. Amongst the family of MM algorithms consisting of geometric, topological, probabilistic and advanced, topological MM (tMM) algorithms are relatively simple, easy and quick, enabling them to be implemented in real-time. Therefore, a tMM algorithm is used in many navigation devices manufactured by industry. However, existing tMM algorithms have a number of limitations which affect their performance relative to advanced MM algorithms. This paper demonstrates that it is possible by addressing these issues to significantly improve the performance of a tMM algorithm. This paper describes the development of an enhanced weight-based tMM algorithm in which the weights are determined from real-world field data using an optimisation technique. Two new weights for turn-restriction at junctions and link connectivity are introduced to improve the performance of matching, especially at junctions. A new procedure is developed for the initial map-matching process. Two consistency checks are introduced to minimise mismatches. The enhanced map-matching algorithm was tested using field data from dense urban areas and suburban areas. The algorithm identified 96.8% and 95.93% of the links correctly for positioning data collected in urban areas of central London and Washington, DC, respectively. In case of suburban area, in the west of London, the algorithm succeeded with 96.71% correct link identification with a horizontal accuracy of 9.81 m (2σ). This is superior to most existing topological MM algorithms and has the potential to support the navigation modules of many Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services.     

Transit network design with allocation of green vehicles: A genetic algorithm approach

The use of fossil fuels in transportation generates harmful emissions that accounts for nearly half of the total pollutants in urban areas. Dealing with this issue, local authorities are dedicating specific efforts to seize the opportunity offered by new fuels and technological innovations in achieving a cleaner urban mobility. In fact, authorities are improving environmental performances of their public transport fleet by procuring cleaner vehicles, usually called low and zero emission vehicles (LEV and ZEV, respectively). Nevertheless there seems to be a lack of methodologies for supporting stakeholders in decisions related to the introduction of green vehicles, whose allocation should be performed since the network design process in order to optimize their available green capacity.In this paper, the problem of clean vehicle allocation in an existing public fleet is faced by introducing a method for solving the transit network design problem in a multimodal, demand elastic urban context dealing with the impacts deriving from transportation emissions.The solving procedure consists of a set of heuristics which includes a routine for route generation and a genetic algorithm for finding a sub-optimal set of routes with the associated frequencies.     

XML技术在交通综合数据库中的应用研究

交通综合数据库是交通综合信息平台的核心和基础。本文首先分析了交通综合数据库的功能以及其所存储的信息类型,分析了XML技术在异构数据源之间进行数据共享和交换方面的优势以及目前许多国家和地区对XML在交通数据交换中的研究状况,在此基础上提出了基于XML技术的交通综合数据库的系统结构,重点研究了利用XML实现数据交换的理论与技术途径,通过在实际研发工作中的应用,结果表明XML技术在交通综合数据库中有良好的应用前景。     

小型运输船船型经济性论证分析

文章根据大连湾老铁山水道的情况,考虑变吃水的运输方式,以船长、船宽、吃水及航速作为变量来进行船型方案的组合。选用净现值、内部收益率、投资回收期、必要运费率和综合经济指标作为衡量船型方案的标准,通过分析计算得出最佳的船型方案,为小型渔货船型选择提供参考。     

Carpooling and carpool clubs: Clarifying concepts and assessing value enhancement possibilities through a Stated Preference web survey in Lisbon, Portugal

The increase of urban traffic congestion calls for studying alternative measures for mobility management, and one of these measures is carpooling. In theory, these systems could lead to great reductions in the use of private vehicles; however, in practice they have obtained limited success for two main reasons: the psychological barriers associated with riding with strangers and poor schedule flexibility. To overcome some of the limitations of the traditional schemes, we proposed studying a carpooling club model with two main new features: establishing a base trust level for carpoolers to find compatible matches for traditional groups and at the same time allowing to search for a ride in an alternative group when the pool member has a trip schedule different from the usual one. A web-based survey was developed for the Lisbon Metropolitan Region (Portugal), including a Stated Preference experiment, to test the concept and confirm previous knowledge on these systems’ determinants. It was found through a binary logit Discrete Choice Model calibration that carpooling is still attached with lower income strata and that saving money is still an important reason for participating in it. The club itself does not show promise introducing more flexibility in these systems; however, it should provide a way for persons to interact and trust each other at least to the level of working colleagues.     

Mobility, social exclusion and well-being: Exploring the links

Building on a growing research foundation, transport policy makers have begun to associate the ability to be mobile with having a role in the facilitation of social inclusion. However, the further connection to well-being is not as well understood. This paper explores the association between a person’s travel patterns, their risk of social exclusion and self-assessed well-being. Key influences on social exclusion are discussed, with trip making emerging as a significant influence. Trip making is not a significant direct influence on well-being but does exercise an indirect influence through the impact on risk of social exclusion. The modelling process enables a value for additional trips to be estimated, the value being about four times the values derived from conventional generated traffic approaches. Similar high values are found in separate metropolitan and regional case studies, confirming the significance of the results.