模糊综合评价法在新建货运站选址中的应用

分析货运站选址的主要影响因素：与城市发展规划的适应性,建设运营费用的经济性,货运站发展的可持续性,铁路运输组织的便捷性,与城市综合交通的协调性。在此基础上,运用层次分析法,通过MATLAB软件计算确定各影响要素的权重,再利用模糊综合评价法对货运站选址方案进行评价,最后通过实例验证该方法在贷运站选址中的可行性。     

金州站加强货运安全工作的实践与思考

为了加强货运安全工作,金州站采取以下措施：从突出重点、突出中心、突出典型3个方面出发,加强教育培训,增强干部职工的责任意识;加强制度建设,夯实车站货运安全基础;通过采取加强组织,强化方案管理,加强蓬布苫盖、车门关打检查工作,强化加固材料的管理使用,坚决防止超载,严格落实装载质量签认制度,保管基础资料,密切沟通货主,信息反馈的措施,加强装载加固考核管理、强化作业过程控制,对于推动金州站货运安全工作的开展起到较好效果。     

对邯钢专用铁路赁运业务前移的思考

通过分析邯郸钢铁集团专用铁路货运业务前移的背景,提出了实行路企调度指挥人员集中办公、成立邯钢铁路指挥中心、提高装卸车作业质量等实施货运业务前移的措施,取得了减少返厂车数量、压缩邯钢厂停时间、提高装卸车效率等效果,最后阐述了加强企业的配合、提高直通运输的比例、加强企业运输人员管理机制建设、提高货运人员检测手段等完善贷运业务前移的建议。     

基于博弈论的公交枢纽规划布局方案评价

本文在对传统规划布局方案评价方法存在的不足进行分析的基础上，提出运用博弈论对公交枢纽规划布局方案进行评价，并给出了博弈模型和算法，以期达到最优布局。     

基于城市交通方式需求引导的公共交通优化

本文指出了以出行距离为分界基础,以时间最省为准则的传统交通方式划分的缺点,提出基于广义出行成本的交通方式出行需求的经济学模型,分析了不同出行距离下出行者以广义成本最小化为准则的交通方式选择行为及由此决定的方式划分,总结了在交通规划四个阶段中交通需求管理(TDM)的具体措施,提出了优先发展公共交通在改善公交服务和调控交通方式的使用成本等有效途径,并对交通需求引导具体措施进行了灵敏度分析.     

遵小铁路运输宽城砂石骨料市场竞争力探讨

按照国家及地方推进运输结构调整要求,砂石骨料作为建材市场的大宗货物,基于遵小铁路续扩建工程,宽城的砂石骨料积极推进其供给侧改革及运输"公转铁",加快实现公路运输方式向铁路运输方式的转变。在阐述砂石骨料市场、遵小铁路运输市场、遵小铁路运输径路的基础上,通过构建砂石骨料市场竞争力模型,对京津冀区域砂石骨料市场竞争力进行分析。结果表明,宽城砂石骨料经遵小铁路外运至京津冀区域具备市场竞争力。最后从提高砂石骨料生产品质、加强砂石骨料运输组织、铁路实施差异化运价等方面对提高遵小铁路运输宽城砂石骨料市场竞争力进行探讨,为资源型城市发展砂石骨料绿色生产及运输提供借鉴。     

Restricted car-use and perceived accessibility

In order to plan for, and achieve, a sustainable and accessible transport system, research and policies alike recognize a need to implement and enhance alternative transport options in favor of the private car. Moreover, these sustainable alternatives need to offer sufficient levels of accessibility regardless of where people live or work. We present and discuss an approach for capturing and evaluating perceived accessibility, with the ability to differentiate between individuals. Levels of perceived accessibility are compared before and after a fictive car use restriction, and between residential areas, using data from 2711 residents of Malmö, Sweden. A main conclusion is that levels of perceived accessibility become significantly lower for car users when they are limited in their options for daily travel. The difference is more substantive for frequent car users, who already travel less by sustainable modes today. There are also significant differences in levels of perceived accessibility in the restricted scenario, depending on where individuals live. These novel findings may not come as a surprise, but they emphasize the importance of including and analyzing perceptions of car users when designing accessible and sustainable transport systems. The paper ends with a discussion on how to facilitate the transition from current transport systems to an inclusive and accessible system.     

Including passengers’ response to crowding in the Dutch national train passenger assignment model

Transit passengers’ response to crowded conditions has been studied empirically, yet is limitedly included in transport models currently used in the design of policy and infrastructure investments. This has consequences for the practical applicability of these models in studies on, for instance, timetabling, train capacity management strategies, project appraisal, and passenger satisfaction. Here we propose four methods to include the effect of crowding, based on existing studies on passengers’ perception and response as well as often-used crowding indicators. These four alternative methods are implemented in the train passenger assignment procedure of the Dutch national transport model, and evaluated with respect to their impacts on the model results for the Dutch railway network. The four methods relate to four different ways in which an additive trip penalty and/or time-multiplier can be incorporated in the train utility function for different travel purposes, to capture the disutility of crowding as measured by the load factor. The analyses of the test case favor the hybrid method using both a boarding penalty (capturing seat availability upon boarding) and a time-multiplier (capturing physical comfort and safety throughout the trip). This method produces consistent results, while the additional computational effort that it imposes is acceptable. Further empirical underpinning is needed to conclusively show which of these methods best captures passengers’ response behavior quantitatively (for different travel purposes and conditions).     

A virtual environment for the formulation of policy packages

The interdependence and complexity of socio-technical systems and availability of a wide variety of policy measures to address policy problems make the process of policy formulation difficult. In order to formulate sustainable and efficient transport policies, development of new tools and techniques is necessary. One of the approaches gaining ground is policy packaging, which shifts focus from implementation of individual policy measures to implementation of combinations of measures with the aim of increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policy interventions by increasing synergies and reducing potential contradictions among policy measures. In this paper, we describe the development of a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages. By developing systematic approaches it is possible to examine more alternatives at a greater depth, decrease the time required for the overall analysis, provide real-time assessment and feedback on the effect of changes in the configurations, and ultimately form more effective policies. The results from this research demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches in addressing the complexity inherent in the formulation of policy packages. This new approach has been applied to the formulation of policies to advance sustainable transportation.     

浅析公共交通企业财政补贴机制

优先发展城市公共交通,保障城市公交企业可持续发展,迫切需求研究适合我国国情的城市公交财政补贴测算方法.文章明确了公交企业财政补贴机制的基本依据和原则,合理界定财政补贴的范围、方式和资金来源,建立基于公交企业成本规制的财政补贴机制,为建立政策性亏损补贴机制提供依据.