寒冷地区城市道路信号控制参数取值研究

在冰雪路面环境下,调查数据表明车辆的运行特征发生了显著变化,主要表现在车速、加速度下降了30%,饱和流率下降了16%,起动、制动损失时间上升了27%。基于HCM、Webster信号控制理论与不同路面环境下的车流运行特征值,对信号控制中周期时长、绿信比、相位差以及黄灯时间、红灯时间的合理取值问题进行了分析,得到了冰雪路面环境下信号控制参数取值的影响因素与变化范围。仿真研究表明:在冰雪路面环境下采用非冰雪路面环境下的信号控制方案会增加车辆延误与排队长度,加剧交叉口的拥挤程度。因此,交通信号控制系统应针对不同的路面环境分别制定与路面环境相适应的信号控制方案。     

交通类高职英语应用文立体化教学模式的构建--以广东交通职业技术学院和广州铁路职业技术学院为例

英语应用文写作能力或翻译能力是衡量不同年龄段学生综合素质构成的重要方面,高职学生也不例外。本文基于前人研究成果,以广东交通职业技术学院和广州铁路职业技术学院为例子,在实践中构建应用文立体化教学模式,即立体化教学过程、立体化教学资源、立体化双向考评。立体化教学模式使英语应用文教学系统化、教学资源和内容多样化,使交通类高职学生英语应用文的写作能力和翻译能力得到良好的训练,从而整体提升教学成效。     

Assessment of large transport infrastructure projects: The CBA-DK model

This paper presents a newly developed decision support model to assess transport infrastructure projects: CBA-DK. The model combines use of conventional cost–benefit analysis to produce aggregated single point estimates, with quantitative risk analysis using Monte Carlo simulation to produce interval results. The embedded uncertainties within traditional CBA such as ex-ante based investment costs and travel time savings are of particular concern. The paper investigates these two impacts in terms of the Optimism Bias principle which is used to take account of the underestimation of construction costs and the overestimation of travel time savings. The CBA-DK methodological approach has been used to apply suitable probability distribution functions on the uncertain parameters, thus resulting in feasibility risk assessment moving from point to interval results. The proposed assessment model makes use of both deterministic and stochastic based information. Decision support as illustrated in this paper aims to provide assistance in the development and ultimately the choice of action, while accounting for the uncertainties surrounding transport appraisal schemes. The modelling framework is illustrated by the use of a case study appraising airport and runway alternatives in the capital of Greenland – Nuuk. The case study has been conducted in cooperation with the Home Rule Authorities of Greenland.     

公交车辆运行微观交通仿真模型研究

介绍了上海交通大学与吉林大学共同开发的微观交通仿真系统MTSS的体系结构;建立了公交网络描述模型、公交车辆产生模型、乘客需求模型、公交站点事件反应模型和公交车辆运行模型;以微观交通仿真系统MTSS为仿真平台构建了公交车辆运行微观仿真模型;对上海市斜土路非港湾式站点与华山路港湾式站点进行了实地数据调查,利用实测数据对建立的公交车辆运行微观交通仿真模型进行了验证,测量值与仿真值之间的误差在10%以内。验证结果表明,建立的公交车辆运行微观交通仿真模型可以较好的描述公交车辆的运行过程以及与其他交通流之间的相互影响关系。     

车辆识别中的博弈特征选择研究

针对特征识别判断中出现的冲突和特征过多所造成的特征维数灾难问题,采用博弈论的方法对车辆特征空间进行搜索,找到一组对车辆类型识别的最佳特征子集。在多特征组成的特征空间中把具有存在冗余关系的特征定义为博弈过程中的同一个局中人,具有互补关系的特征定义为不同的局中人,用互信息构造支付值函数,使支付值函数能够表现局中人之间的可信度冲突关系。支付值函数的大小和局中人采用对策的分类能力大小相关,分类可信度高的对策支付值大,分类可信度弱的对策支付值小。在车辆识别应用中,车辆的5个特征所组成的特征空间中,把具有冗余与关系的特征分成两个局中人,构造出支付函数,在赢得矩阵中求出均衡解,得出均衡解所对应的{车长、后轮距}是特征空间的一组最佳特征子集。     

3G移动通信技术在城市交通信息系统中的应用研究

在探讨了出行者对交通信息需求特点的基础上，对交通信息分为动态、静态和关联三类。为了充分掌握动态交通信息，设计了基于第3代移动通信技术（3G）的城市交通信息系统3层平台方案，并对其结构与功能进行了研究，重点阐述了由服务器、数据库以及办公管理设备和网络设备组成的交通信息中心及其工作原理，最后以车载设备结合实时交通信息查找最短时间路线为例说明了基于3G技术的城市交通信息系统的功能和优势。该系统使出行者能够通过手持移动终端（手机、PDA等）或者车载设备实时地查询交通信息，因此更加适应交通信息的动态、时变的特性。     

A Stated preference freight mode choice model

Transport policy aims to assist the transport system to work more efficiently and effectively. An understanding of the reasons why people choose to move freight in a certain manner is critical to the development of appropriate policies. This article outlines a data collection approach and the development of a disaggregate mode choice model applicable to the analysis of freight shipper decision making. It focuses on the choice between rail and road in Java, Indonesia. The model indicates that safety, reliability and responsiveness are major attributes influencing rail/road freight mode choice. Transport policies aimed at improving these dimensions should increase the attractiveness of rail transport.     

从《道路交通安全法》看公路运输市场安全治理

道路运输安全是一项需综合治理的系统工程,不仅需要社会各方相互配合,更需要相应的法律手段进行规制。文章阐述了《道路交通安全法》在规范运输市场安全秩序中的作用,分析了《道路交通安全法》实施后我国公路运输市场现状及存在的问题,提出了推进道路交通运输市场规范化发展的对策建议。     

A model of managers’ preferences for location of freight facilities

The paper reviews the need for a better understanding of the factors which affect the location of freight facilities, such as depots, terminals, freight forwarding centres, distribution centres, etc. The development of an Elimination by Aspects (EBA) model to analyse such location decisions by the managers of freight firms is described. The results are shown to be comparable (perhaps even superior to) those obtained with a logit model. Conclusions are drawn with respect to both the use of the EBA model to analyse freight facility location preference, and the factors which affect such preference. Five factors were found to be significant: closeness to existing customers, closeness to arterial roads, availability of suitable sites, cost of truck fleet operation, and closeness to labor.     

我国大规模城市交通发展方略的研究

文章针对我国大规模城市交通发展中存在的主要问题,从国外大城市的交通发展经验及实际数据入手,分析存在问题的原因,提出了可行的解决方案,探讨了如何在我国大规模城市建立快速、高效和可持续发展的现代化城市交通系统的相关对策。