欧盟铁路改革的方向与进程

铁路运输是欧共体/欧盟共同运输政策推行中遇到困难较多的行业,其一体化进程曾远远落后于其他运输方式,然而从20世纪90年代初开始,铁路在共同运输政策中的地位却日益受到重视。文章根据对欧盟有关机构出台相关政策文件的分析,解释了发生这一转变的原因并把欧盟铁路改革的过程分为3个阶段进行介绍与评价:以91/440指令系列为标志的起步阶段;以1996年欧盟委员会"复兴共同体铁路战略"白皮书为起点,第一个铁路改革一揽子方案为中心的改革深化阶段;和以2001年欧盟委员会白皮书"已到决定性时刻"为起点,第二个铁路改革一揽子方案为中心的最新进展阶段。     

Toward the mobility-oriented heterogeneous transport system based on new ICT environments – Understanding from a viewpoint of the systems innovation theory

This paper describes various solutions of the traffic society from the viewpoint of the analogy in ICT field and mobility field and the systems innovation theory. The systems innovation theory creates systems by considering both aspects “lifestyle/value of sense” and “fundamentals of mathematical physics/science and technology,” including the platform theory. This paper describes the development of ICT, which may drastically change solutions, with emphasis on the real-world nature. Next, three effective solutions for the era of falling birthrate and aging population are described. In addition, Nakashima's innovative approach for enabling, for the first time, the creation of a new social system by bringing IoT and FinTech into the world of Mobility is described. Finally, Mobility as a Service, which can be realized by integrating traffic modes with ICT, is discussed from the viewpoint of the systems innovation theory including the platform theory. Here, the analogy of mobility field and ICT field is used.     

跨国公司—当今国际海运市场需求的主要来源

当今以国际贸易来调剂或弥补国与国间各自资源稀缺状况的手段已不能完全适应世界经济发展的需要，对外直接投资及其组织形态——跨国公司能使资源在全世界范围内得到有效配置。跨国公司生产和经营特性决定了其对国际运输，特别对国际海运的作用，也决定了国际贸易的构成。本文在此认识上，分析了国际海运与国际贸易、跨国公司之间的关系；论述了跨国公司对国际海运需求的主要来源，归纳了由此需求而产生的对国际海运发展模式和趋势的影响。     

伦敦肯特镇中心大街交通可达性研究——现状街道情况分析及改进措施实例

提高街道的交通可达性对于所有的街道使用者,尤其是包括老年人及残疾人的弱势群体都具有重要意义,也是一个社会精神文明的标志与人文关怀的体现.本文通过对英国伦敦肯特镇中心大街的实地调查与分析,设计提高街道可达性的改善措施,并提出了具有针对性的切实可行的解决方案,这些细节的设计对中国街道可达性建设具有很好的启示作用.     

Autonomous vehicles: who will use them,and will they share?

ABSTRACT

The advent of road transport automation is suggested to be one of four key technological transitions that could amount to a major transformation in mobility practices. Specifically, fully Automated Vehicles (AVs) might replace the current private car owner user model with fleets of on-demand synchronously-shared automated taxis. However, significant barriers to this vision becoming the norm remain. This paper examines two critical user-acceptance aspects of the transition: willingness to adopt AVs, and willingness to share an AV with others, particularly strangers. Our novel survey (n?=?899) included a choice experiment featuring four future full automation transport services (private, synchronously/asynchronously shared, and public). Cluster analysis examined respondents' preferences and their demographic and psycho-social characteristics. We uncover significant uncertainty about willingness to adopt automation and sharing, and important differences between clusters within our sample. For example, under 50% of participants report willingness to use an AV over their normal mode, or would prefer an automated option to a current human-driven option. Our findings raise critical questions for policymakers and transport authorities. Not least, how can AV technologies help realise the environmental and social benefits of widespread vehicle sharing in a context of a travelling public that still prefers its privacy on-the-move?     

瓦日铁路集疏运布局能力探讨

瓦日铁路作为我国西煤东运的重要能源运输通道,是铁路货运增量3年行动“六线六区域”的重点对象之一。为确保瓦日铁路2020年实现货运增量目标,阐述瓦日铁路发展现状,从整体性、经济性、结构性角度分析瓦日铁路集疏运布局,分别就集运端、疏运端对瓦日铁路集疏运系统布局及运输能力进行探讨,针对瓦日铁路集疏运系统存在的问题,从加快专用线建设进度、积极融入综合交通网络、建设智慧物贸信息平台、提供个性化服务等方面提出对策,为瓦日铁路巩固货运市场,实现铁路货运高质量发展提供借鉴。     

A model of managers’ preferences for location of freight facilities

The paper reviews the need for a better understanding of the factors which affect the location of freight facilities, such as depots, terminals, freight forwarding centres, distribution centres, etc. The development of an Elimination by Aspects (EBA) model to analyse such location decisions by the managers of freight firms is described. The results are shown to be comparable (perhaps even superior to) those obtained with a logit model. Conclusions are drawn with respect to both the use of the EBA model to analyse freight facility location preference, and the factors which affect such preference. Five factors were found to be significant: closeness to existing customers, closeness to arterial roads, availability of suitable sites, cost of truck fleet operation, and closeness to labor.     

交通类高职英语应用文立体化教学模式的构建--以广东交通职业技术学院和广州铁路职业技术学院为例

英语应用文写作能力或翻译能力是衡量不同年龄段学生综合素质构成的重要方面,高职学生也不例外。本文基于前人研究成果,以广东交通职业技术学院和广州铁路职业技术学院为例子,在实践中构建应用文"立体化"教学模式,即立体化教学过程、立体化教学资源、立体化双向考评。立体化教学模式使英语应用文教学系统化、教学资源和内容多样化,使交通类高职学生英语应用文的写作能力和翻译能力得到良好的训练,从而整体提升教学成效。     

Integrating e-scooters in urban transportation: Problems,policies, and the prospect of system change

Throughout the world, cities seek to ease transport-related problems of congestion, air pollution, noise, and traffic injuries. Urban transport planners have welcomed e-scooters as an alternative to motorized individual transport, specifically the car. The public has met e-scooters with both enthusiasm and scepticism, as cities have struggled with unforeseen outcomes such as forms of irresponsible riding, cluttering, or vandalism. This paper investigates the challenges associated with the introduction of e-scooters in ten major cities, based on a content analysis of local media reports. News items (n = 173) were identified through Internet searches and include print media, TV and radio websites. Concerns prior to and after the introduction of e-scooters are assessed, analysed, and interpreted in the context of new policies for this transport mode. Results suggest that many cities have moved through trial and error stages in their search for appropriate legislation. The paper concludes that it is prudent for urban planners to introduce policies regarding maximum speeds, mandatory use of bicycle infrastructure, and dedicated parking, as well as to limit the number of licensed operators. Where negative public opinion can be averted, e-scooters stand a chance to become a disruptive niche innovation with the potential to transform urban transport systems.