Solving the K-shortest paths problem in timetable-based public transportation systems

Finding the K-shortest paths in timetable-based public transportation systems is an important problem in practice. It has three typical variants: the K-earliest arrival problem (K-EAP), the K-shortest travel time problem (K-STTP), and the K-minimum number of transfers problem (K-MNTP). In this article we show that these problems can be solved efficiently by first modeling the timetable information with the time-expanded approach, then applying the Martins and Santos (MS) algorithm. Then we model the timetable information with the time-dependent approach and propose a modified version of the MS algorithm for solving the K-EAP. Experimental results on real-world data show that for K smaller than 100, which is enough for most applications, the execution times of the MS algorithm for the problems in the time-expanded model are less than 100 ms on a server with a 1.86-GHz central processing unit (CPU) and 4 GB of memory. For solving the K-EAP the modified MS algorithm in the time-dependent model is even more efficient (about three times faster for K ≤ 100) than the original algorithm in the time-expanded model. Our results imply the great potential of the MS algorithms in practical transportation service systems.     

A new approach to cross-sector cooperation in road safety through a comparison of policies in selected countries

Statistics from the databases of various countries and international organizations show that road accident rates and fatalities have fallen since the 1970s. With demographic changes taking place in many developed countries, however, accident and accident-risk patterns have changed in the last two decades. This study aims to introduce a new approach to cross-sector cooperation with the hope of making road safety more holistic and sustainable. The authors compare the road safety policies of three selected countries based on various categories, using a simple quantitative method. The results show some fragmentation within the policies, illustrating the need for a new road safety approach. The effort to reduce road traffic accidents by 50% by the year 2020 has also increased the pressure on stakeholders to meet this goal. This paper's contribution toward the 2020 goal lies in its recommendation of a new approach to road safety that will enlighten stakeholders on probable missing links in road safety.     

全球化语境下的儒家伦理文化的解构及重建

全球化使世界各国交往日益增多,联系进一步加强,并产生文化上的相互渗透和影响。事实上,各个国家,尤其是经济上处于落后状态的国家或地区的文化传统和民族文化,正被主要是从西方发展起来的消费主义和大众文化解构,并产生文化同质化的危险。文化传统和民族文化所确定的社会秩序也被迫解构和重建。由此,全球化的际遇使中国儒家伦理文化既面临机遇又面临挑战。在把握全球化向度的前提下,揭示中国儒家伦理文化的基本精神,迎接全球化的挑战,就是儒家伦理文化的解构及其重建的应有之义。     

十字绣流行与传统手绣衰落原因研究

十字绣是当前很时尚的一种手工刺绣的方法.研究十字绣的起源,从十字绣的基本刺绣方法、产业影响及人的心理因素这三方面入手分析,能引发对中国传统刺绣没落的思考,找出传统手绣衰败的原因.     

鲁迅"魏晋文学自觉说"辨正

鲁迅关于魏晋时代是"文学的自觉时代"的学术观点有自己独特的内涵.鲁迅在《魏晋风度及文章与药及酒之关系》中,肯定的是魏晋时代一批文人疏离或摆脱了重教化的实用主义文学观念,他们坚持"师心"、"使气"并在这个意义上获得自身"文"的独立思想品格和审美价值,这种意识的出现,就是鲁迅所说的"自觉".赵敏俐《"魏晋文学自觉说"反思》体现了他在今天与鲁迅当年不同的一种对传统文化的选择与阐释.