长江口南港河段近期河床演变特征及航道整治策略*

长江口南港长期以来是一条上下贯通、水深条件良好的入海通道。长系列水沙、地形实测资料表明,近期南 港河段发生了一系列的河势变化,突出表现在瑞丰沙下沙体的冲刷和中部串沟的发展。在近期河床演变特征、演变趋势分 析,以及南港12.5 m深水航道回淤特性分析的基础上,研究南港航道的整治策略,并提出初步治理方案。     

Characteristics of household activity and travel patterns in the Mumbai metropolitan region

Activity-based modelling approaches require a typical survey instrument which can collect the finer details of activities of each individual over both time and space. This paper focuses on the design of a new survey instrument called an activity-travel diary; examines its method of administration; and analyses activity-travel behaviour in the context of developing countries. The Mumbai Metropolitan Region in India is selected as the study area. With the aim of understanding the activities of each individual over a period of time, a pilot survey was conducted in a continuous time frame for a period of 15 days, followed by a main survey. The analysis of data collected by the instrument reveals some interesting facts regarding the relationships between socioeconomic attributes, activities and trip making behaviour. Identification of interactions among households and other members were also facilitated by the newly designed diary, which is not a well-versed topic for research in the context of a developing economy like Mumbai's.     

Uncertainty modeling for bus selection and allocation in a private transportation system

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the development of a probabilistic formulation that provides global optimum selection and allocation of a fleet of buses in a private transportation system of an organization where a third party is hired to provide transportation for its employees and their dependents. In this private transportation system, a fleet of buses is to be selected and allocated to serve employees and their independents on different prescheduled trips along different routes from the organization’s headquarters and residential compound where round-trip times of scheduled trips are subject to uncertainty due to random delays. We propose a probabilistic approach based on 0-1 integer programming for the selection and allocation to determine the optimal number and size of buses assigned to a set of prescheduled trips in a particular time interval. Examples and a case study are presented to illustrate the applicability and suitability of the proposed approach.     

虚拟仿真技术在交通运输类专业实践教学中的应用

文章基于交通运输类专业实践教学的现状,分析了虚拟仿真技术应用于交通运输类专业教学的必要性,并介绍了虚拟仿真技术在交通运输类专业实训教学中的应用实例,供交通运输类专业实训教学及实训室建设参考.     

Does Bus Rapid Transit Influence Urban Land Development and Property Values: A Review of the Literature

Abstract

Despite the proliferation of bus rapid transit (BRT) systems over the past few decades across developed and developing world cities, the impacts across these systems on the urban spatial development and property markets have not been comprehensively studied. The current paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by reviewing the methodologies, underlying theories, and findings presented in the individual academic studies on BRT land-use and price impacts, mostly drawing on those that have focused on Latin American and Asian systems. The review shows that the land-use and value impacts have been less uniform across systems compared to such operational performance metrics as speed and travel time improvements. While predominantly relying on cross-sectional modeling techniques, the approaches used to evaluate land-use changes induced by the transit systems are not uniform either, with only some studies explicitly measuring changes in types of land use as opposed to simply land or rental price. The study also concludes that more rigorous evaluation is needed as to whether the BRT systems have improved accessibility for the populations that inhabited the corridors previously or whether, instead, the desired land value increases have in fact resulted in significant population displacement.     

Spatial Transferability and Updating Analysis of Mode Choice Models in Developing Countries

ABSTRACT

This article examines the spatial transferability of mode choice models in developing countries. An evaluation of the updating procedure and sample size are also included in the study. Because of the insufficiency of model coefficients in explaining differences in unmeasured modal attributes, naïvely transferring a model is not recommended. An understanding of the transport characteristics in both the estimation context and the application context is required, in order to justify whether a variable is transferable or not. Four updating procedures – updating alternative specific constants (ASCs), updating ASCs and scale parameter, the combined transfer estimator and Bayesian updating associated with three sets of small sample sizes – are applied to improve transferability. In general, the first three approaches produce significant improvements. It is also proposed that a minimum small sample size of 400 observations is necessary for updating purposes.     

基于模型的重型柴油车SCR后处理系统稳态控制策略研究

为满足即将实施的中重型柴油车国Ⅳ排放法规要求,建立了一种基于模型的SCR尿素喷射稳态控制策略,研究了稳态下影响尿素喷射的排温模型、NOx 预估模型、排气流量模型、催化器效率模型和喷射模型,分析了空速比等影响模型性能的重要参数,建立了模型控制的MAP图和数学计算方法。将SCR系统进行了台架试验,研究了ESC工况下NOx 浓度变化趋势。研究结果表明,基于模型控制策略的SCR系统对于降低NOx 排放具有良好的效果,并可以达到国Ⅳ排放法规要求。     

智能交通在城市交通中的应用探讨

智能交通的研究课题是如何把现代的高科技与交通联系起来.结合实际阐述了智能交通系统在城市交通管理中的作用和重要性,针对我国交通现状提出了一些建议,并对智能交通未来的发展进行了探讨.     

工程造价与概预算定额的应用

投标策略是投标人经营决策的组成部分,指导投标全过程。影响投标的因素十分复杂,既要考虑自身优势和劣势,也要考虑竞争的激烈程度,还要分析投标项目的整体特点。因此,需要投标人认真研读投标文件指标要求、风险类型、材料价差及报价方法,尤其是概预算定额的运用直接影响到投标报价。     

推进我国城市公共交通发展的思考

在我国深入实施城市公共交通优先发展战略的关键时期,提高公共交通的供给能力和服务质量,进而改善居民出行条件、缓解城市交通拥堵、降低能源消耗,是目前关注的重点与热点,本文深入分析了我国城市公共交通发展面临的问题,并提出相应的对策建议,为推进我国城市公共交通优先发展提供参考.