An agent-based approach to modelling driver route choice behaviour under the influence of real-time information

This paper presents an agent-based approach to modelling individual driver behaviour under the influence of real-time traffic information. The driver behaviour models developed in this study are based on a behavioural survey of drivers which was conducted on a congested commuting corridor in Brisbane, Australia. Commuters’ responses to travel information were analysed and a number of discrete choice models were developed to determine the factors influencing drivers’ behaviour and their propensity to change route and adjust travel patterns. Based on the results obtained from the behavioural survey, the agent behaviour parameters which define driver characteristics, knowledge and preferences were identified and their values determined. A case study implementing a simple agent-based route choice decision model within a microscopic traffic simulation tool is also presented. Driver-vehicle units (DVUs) were modelled as autonomous software components that can each be assigned a set of goals to achieve and a database of knowledge comprising certain beliefs, intentions and preferences concerning the driving task. Each DVU provided route choice decision-making capabilities, based on perception of its environment, that were similar to the described intentions of the driver it represented. The case study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of the approach and the potential to develop more complex driver behavioural dynamics based on the belief–desire–intention agent architecture.     

集装箱班列编组计划相关因素分析

分析集装箱在结点站集结过程中的到达情况,利用随机概率的理论原理,建立计算结点站集装箱班列集结时间的数学模型。分析铁路结点站集装箱作业过程和作业特点,确定集装箱在中转站的停留时间和节省时间的影响规律,得出集装箱班列在结点站消耗的平均集结箱小时与该方向的编成箱数以及在一定时期内到达结点站的箱数和随机到达过程有关;集装箱在中转站的停留时间取决于该中转站的设备配备和作业组织方法;集装箱班列无中转作业通过结点站或支点站时的节省时间主要决定于在站停留时间、装卸作业时间和集结时间长短的结论。     

世界银行贷款项目“卫津路拓宽工程”的经济效益计算

本市以天津城市主干道卫津路拓宽改造工程为例，论述城市道路经济效益计算方法。按全天高峰小时、非高峰小时，分别计算机动车和非机动车的运营成本、时间价值及事故费用，采用有、无项目对比法．进行经济效益计算。经济效益中以车辆行程时间延误与路口时间延误的节约作为主要效益。     

京珠南高速公路石方爆破施工技术

京珠南高速公路22标段1664577m^3石方爆破施工根据地形地质条件和设计要求，采取了药壶爆破法、深孔爆破法和光面爆破法3种主要爆破方法。在施工中，由于爆破方案合理，选用参数正确，控制措施得当，从而有效地降低了工程造价，确保了工程进度，并保证了施工安全。此文重点对3种爆破方法的布孔方式、参数选定、起爆方案、装药结构等进行探讨。     

柴油机电子调速器可靠性设计

文章阐述了柴油机电子调速器可靠性质量指标的重要性，提出了可靠性设计是提高电子调速器可靠性的基础，并具体地介绍了柴油机电子调速器的可靠性设计，采用裕度设计，降额设计，保护电路设计和耐振设计等技术措施，多年的实际应用证明，其可靠性是能够得到了分保证的。     

基于模糊时间Petri网的列车运行时间不确定性问题的处理

定义一种应用于铁路列车运行系统的模糊时间Petri网；针对列车运行时间存在的不确定性，该Petri网引入了4个模糊集理论函数：模糊时间片、模糊使能时间、模糊发生时间和模糊延迟，来处理时间的不确定性问题；能够对列车运行过程中的时间不确定性问题进行定量分析，可以有效应用于列车交会、列车终到时间、列车运行计划调整的分析等；其相对于已有的方法具有精确分析、计算简单、简化系统、便于系统集成的特点。     

Evaluation of a cellular phone-based system for measurements of traffic speeds and travel times: A case study from Israel

The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of a new operational system for measuring traffic speeds and travel times which is based on information from a cellular phone service provider. Cellular measurements are compared with those obtained by dual magnetic loop detectors. The comparison uses data for a busy 14 km freeway with 10 interchanges, in both directions, during January–March of 2005. The dataset contains 1 284 587 valid loop detector speed measurements and 440 331 valid measurements from the cellular system, each measurement referring to a 5 min interval. During one week in this period, 25 floating car measurements were conducted as additional comparison observations. The analyses include visual, graphical, and statistical techniques; focusing in particular on comparisons of speed patterns in the time–space domain. The main finding is that there is a good match between the two measurement methods, indicating that the cellular phone-based system can be useful for various practical applications such as advanced traveler information systems and evaluating system performance for modeling and planning.     

城市轨道交通行车间隔时间优化模型研究

运营组织是轨道交通运营企业工作的核心部分,直接影响到企业的服务质量和经济效益。行车间隔时间是运营组织的主要参数。提出了以乘客满意度和企业满意度加权平均值最大为总体目标的行车间隔时间优化模型,并在一条具体的实例线路上演示了计算和分析的过程。本研究思路借鉴了城市公共交通运营管理优化的研究方法和部分理论,对于城市轨道交通的运营组织优化研究进行了尝试。     

广州地铁1、2号线常见故障处理准备工作

地铁的高密度行车,使任何故障都有可能造成列车阻塞,对运营服务产生较大影响.为了尽量缩减阻塞时间,根据地铁运营中的常见故障,总结出一些故障处理的准备工作,主要有URM监控员、勾锁器、列车引导员、备用车、小交路运营等的准备.旨在更加高效地完成故障处理,进一步减少故障给地铁运营造成的影响.     

Urban form,travel time,and cost relationships with tour complexity and mode choice

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate how relative associations between travel time, costs, and land use patterns where people live and work impact modal choice and trip chaining patterns in the Central Puget Sound (Seattle) region. By using a tour-based modeling framework and highly detailed land use and travel data, this study attempts to add detail on the specific land use changes necessary to address different types of travel, and to develop a comparative framework by which the relative impact of travel time and urban form changes can be assessed. A discrete choice modeling framework adjusted for demographic factors and assessed the relative effect of travel time, costs, and urban form on mode choice and trip chaining characteristics for the three tour types. The tour based modeling approach increased the ability to understand the relative contribution of urban form, time, and costs in explaining mode choice and tour complexity for home and work related travel. Urban form at residential and employment locations, and travel time and cost were significant predictors of travel choice. Travel time was the strongest predictor of mode choice while urban form the strongest predictor of the number of stops within a tour. Results show that reductions in highway travel time are associated with less transit use and walking. Land use patterns where respondents work predicted mode choice for mid day and journey to work travel.