GPS隧道控制网横向贯通精度估算

以GPS测量的基线向量为观测量，推导出适合GPS隧道控制网横向贯通精度的计算式．经实例验证，忽略观测量协方差的计算结果与严密计算结果非常接近；采用GPS接收机标称精度进行估算，其结果也满足隧道控制网的要求．这种估算横向贯通精度的方法完全适合GPS隧道控制网的测前设计．算例结果表明，影响隧道横向贯通精度的主要因素是两端洞口进洞基线方位角测量的相对精度．     

水中目标水压场信号特征提取与检测研究

利用目标信号功率主要集中在低频部分的特点，用功率谱估计方法提取低频信号的能量作为特征，提出了所谓的浮动阈值方法，对信号滑动地进行目标检测．通过对实验船模水压场信号进行检测验证。讨论了在各种不同情况下，目标信号的特征提取及目标检测方法的效果，验证了该方法的有效性．     

基于极大似然估计的路段交通流量预测

基于对交通流量预测存在的问题的分析，用极大似然估计法对路段交通流量进行预测．这种方法的实质，是将连续的观测时段的上游观测量作为自变量，用极大似然估计法估计出观测量与下游预测量之间的关系，从而预测交通流量．实例结果表明，预测值与实际值的最大误差率为5.76％。     

A robust decision feedback equalizer for ATSC DTV receivers

Least mean square （LMS） decision feedback equalizer （DFE） is preferred as an effective solution to coping with inter-symbol interference （ISI） for ATSC digital television （DTV） receivers. In DTV transmission environment, echo delay often covers several hundreds symbols, which leads to very large-scale equalizer. One consequence of the large-scale equalizer is the very slow convergence, which combined with error propagation, inherent drawback of DFE, seriously deteriorates the performance of the receivers, especially in severe channels. More working modes and corresponding robust control mechanism were given to help the equalizer converge to the stable state smoothly. Simulation results show that the improved equalizer can perform better, especially in the severe channels.     

A method for solving the multi‐objective transit frequency optimization problem

Frequency setting takes place at the strategic and tactical planning stages of public transportation systems. The problem consists in determining the time interval between subsequent vehicles for a given set of lines, taking into account interests of users and operators. The result of this stage is considered as input at the operational level. In general, the problem faced by planners is how to distribute a given fleet of buses among a set of given lines. The corresponding decisions determine the frequency of each line, which impacts directly on the waiting time of the users and operator costs. In this work, we consider frequency setting as the problem of minimizing simultaneously users' total travel time and fleet size, which represents the interest of operators. There is a trade‐off between these two measures; therefore, we face a multi‐objective problem. We extend an existing single‐objective formulation to account explicitly for this trade‐off, and propose a Tabu Search solving method to handle efficiently this multi‐objective variant of the problem. The proposed methodology is then applied to a real medium‐sized problem instance, using data of Puerto Montt, Chile. We consider two data sets corresponding to morning‐peak and off‐peak periods. The results obtained show that the proposed methodology is able to improve the current solution in terms of total travel time and fleet size. In addition, the proposed method is able to efficiently suggest (in computational terms) different trade‐off solutions regarding the conflicting objectives of users and operators. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Deriving macroscopic fundamental diagrams from probe data: Issues and proposed solutions

Well-defined relationships between flow and density averaged spatially across urban traffic networks, more commonly known as Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFDs), have been recently verified to exist in reality. Researchers have proposed using MFDs to monitor the status of urban traffic networks and to inform the design of network-wide traffic control strategies. However, it is also well known that empirical MFDs are not easy to estimate in practice due to difficulties in obtaining the requisite data needed to construct them. Recent works have devised ways to estimate a network’s MFD using limited trajectory data that can be obtained from GPS-equipped mobile probe vehicles. These methods assume that the market penetration level of mobile probe vehicles is uniform across the entire set of OD pairs in the network; however, in reality the probe vehicle market penetration rate varies regionally within a network. When this variation is combined with the imbalance of probe trip lengths and travel times, the compound effects will further complicate the estimation of the MFD.To overcome this deficit, we propose a method to estimate a network’s MFD using mobile probe data when the market penetration rates are not necessarily the same across an entire network. This method relies on the determination of appropriate average probe penetration rates, which are weighted harmonic means using individual probe vehicle travel times and distances as the weights. The accuracy of this method is tested using synthetic data generated in the INTEGRATION micro-simulation environment by comparing the estimated MFDs to the ground truth MFD obtained using a 100% market penetration of probe vehicles. The results show that the weighted harmonic mean probe penetration rates outperform simple (arithmetic) average probe penetration rates, as expected. This especially holds true as the imbalance of demand and penetration level increases. Furthermore, as the probe penetration rates are generally not known, an algorithm to estimate the probe penetration rates of regional OD pairs is proposed. This algorithm links count data from sporadic fixed detectors in the network to information from probe vehicles that pass the detectors. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is very effective. Since the data needed to apply this algorithm are readily available and easy to collect, the proposed algorithm is practically feasible and offers a better approach for the estimation of the MFD using mobile probe data, which are becoming increasingly available in urban environments.     

基于反步控制的半潜平台动力定位数值计算研究

装配动力定位系统的浮式结构物由于受到风、浪、流等交变载荷影响，其运动具有明显时滞和非线性特性，为克服传统控制策略抗干扰能力差对动力定位控制性能的影响，文章基于反步法，对动力定位系统进行了控制器设计研究，针对波浪及流外载荷形成的有界干扰问题，采用自适应策略进行估计补偿。并借助Lyapunov理论分析了闭环系统的稳定性。最后以某深水半潜平台为对象，对其不同工况下动力定位作业进行了数值计算研究，验证了所设计控制器具有良好的鲁棒性，可为后续动力定位模型试验及实船控制器设计提供理论支撑。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的船舶SCR脱硝系统状态估计

如今，选择性催化还原法(SCR)是船舶尾气脱硝的主流方法。为了实现SCR脱硝系统的闭环控制，准确获取系统各个状态变量的值十分重要。但是其中的氨覆盖率θNH3无法直接用传感器测量，即存在不可测的问题。并且，由于受到实际运行时的噪声影响，NH3和NOx浓度传感器的测量值并不精确。考虑到扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法能减弱噪声、实现状态变量的最优估计，设计了基于3状态SCR脱硝系统模型的EKF状态观测器。为了考察该观测器的性能，在船舶柴油机排气参数剧烈变化的工况下进行仿真试验。结果表明，该EKF观测器的估计值与参考值的吻合度十分良好。     

A distributed origin–destination demand estimation approach for real-time traffic network management

Abstract

This paper describes a distributed recursive heuristic approach for the origin–destination demand estimation problem for real-time traffic network management applications. The distributed nature of the heuristic enables its parallelization and hence reduces significantly its processing time. Furthermore, the heuristic reduces dependency on historical data that are typically used to map the observed link flows to their corresponding origin–destination pairs. In addition, the heuristic allows the incorporation of any available partial information on the demand distribution in the study area to improve the overall estimation accuracy. The heuristic is implemented following a hierarchal multi-threading mechanism. Dividing the study area into a set of subareas, the demand of every two adjacent subareas is merged in a separate thread. The merging operations continue until the demand for the entire study area is estimated. Experiments are conducted to examine the performance of the heuristic using hypothetical and real networks. The obtained results illustrate that the heuristic can achieve reasonable demand estimation accuracy while maintaining superiority in terms of processing time.     

多制式高频辅助变流器模块设计

提出了一种应用于400 km/h高速永磁动车组辅助变流器系统的高频辅变模块,模块内部集成TLbuck变换、LLC谐振变换及三相逆变功能,涉及多种不同电压等级的IGBT器件,解决了低压器件在高压工况下应用的耐压问题,适用于交流与直流两种制式供电。文章主要阐述了绝缘设计、总体结构设计、散热设计、驱动控制方案,并通过仿真和试验进行了验证。