Bicycling renaissance in North America? An update and re-appraisal of cycling trends and policies

This paper reviews trends in cycling levels, safety, and policies in Canada and the USA over the past two decades. We analyze aggregate data for the two countries as well as city-specific case study data for nine large cities (Chicago, Minneapolis, Montréal, New York, Portland, San Francisco, Toronto, Vancouver, and Washington). Cycling levels have increased in both the USA and Canada, while cyclist fatalities have fallen. There is much spatial variation and socioeconomic inequality in cycling rates. The bike share of work commuters is more than twice as high in Canada as in the USA, and is higher in the western parts of both countries. Cycling is concentrated in central cities, especially near universities and in gentrified neighborhoods near the city center. Almost all the growth in cycling in the USA has been among men between 25-64 years old, while cycling rates have remained steady among women and fallen sharply for children. Cycling rates have risen much faster in the nine case study cities than in their countries as a whole, at least doubling in all the cities since 1990. They have implemented a wide range of infrastructure and programs to promote cycling and increase cycling safety: expanded and improved bike lanes and paths, traffic calming, parking, bike-transit integration, bike sharing, training programs, and promotional events. We describe the specific accomplishments of the nine case study cities, focusing on each city’s innovations and lessons for other cities trying to increase cycling. Portland’s comprehensive package of cycling policies has succeeded in raising cycling levels 6-fold and provides an example that other North American cities can follow.     

Real time queue length estimation for signalized intersections using travel times from mobile sensors

We study how to estimate real time queue lengths at signalized intersections using intersection travel times collected from mobile traffic sensors. The estimation is based on the observation that critical pattern changes of intersection travel times or delays, such as the discontinuities (i.e., sudden and dramatic increases in travel times) and non-smoothness (i.e., changes of slopes of travel times), indicate signal timing or queue length changes. By detecting these critical points in intersection travel times or delays, the real time queue length can be re-constructed. We first introduce the concept of Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time which is related to the non-smoothness of queuing delay patterns and queue length changes. We then show how measured intersection travel times from mobile sensors can be processed to generate sample vehicle queuing delays. Under the uniform arrival assumption, the queuing delays reduce linearly within a cycle. The delay pattern can be estimated by a linear fitting method using sample queuing delays. Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time can then be obtained from the delay pattern, and be used to estimate the maximum and minimum queue lengths of a cycle, based on which the real-time queue length curve can also be constructed. The model and algorithm are tested in a field experiment and in simulation.     

GPS-based optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles’ power demands in a cold weather city

Using the WPG03 duty cycle developed from global positioning data collected in Winnipeg, Canada, real world energy demands and costs are modeled. Three types of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, four temperatures and two charging scenarios are compared to a vehicle with an internal combustion engine. Cold temperatures are shown to greatly affect vehicle operation energy costs, which is an important consideration for cold weather cities such as Winnipeg. The largest energy cost savings are obtained for smaller-battery plug-in hybrids that had the opportunity to charge during the day.     

小城镇道路交通安全管理规划研究

通过分析我国小城城镇特点及其交通安全面临的问题,并结合交通安全规划的理论,提出小城镇道路交通安全规划的具体原则和内容,具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

公路平面交叉口交通组织设计

交叉口是道路系统的重要组成部分,既是道路交通的咽喉,但也是"瓶颈"。存在行车速度低、事故率高、交通拥挤甚至交通堵塞等弊病。针对交叉口交通事故的严重性,提出进行交通组织设计的必要性。主要介绍了3种交通组织方法:设置专用车道、左转弯车辆的交通组织、组织渠化交通。并结合具体设计实例对交通组织设计进行进一步的分析和阐明。     

城市交通拥堵分析及对策研究

从宏观、中观、微观层次分析导致城市拥堵的原因,倡导可持续的城市交通发展政策,以交通管理、交通供给、交通需求为出发点,提出深化交通体制改革与加强智能信息管理,增加道路有效供给与提升停车管理,构建快速公交系统与加强汽车需求管理,并结合土地利用、城市规划与交通建设协调发展提出建议。     

两种短时交通流混沌预测方法分析

短时交通流预测是智能交通系统的核心内容和交通信息服务、交通诱导的重要基础。采用符合交通流特性的混沌理论对短期交通流进行预测。在相空间重构和混沌识别的基础上,建立短期交通流加权一阶局域预测模型和基于最大Lyapunov指数的预测模型,并对一组实际的交通流数据进行预测。仿真结果表明:两种方法都能较准确的预测交通流,但最大Lyapunov指数预测模型的预测精度相对较高。     

城市轨道交通对房地产价值的影响研究——以武汉市轨道交通为例

城市轨道交通是一种快捷、高效、节能环保的大容量城市客运交通方式,而且对于沿线房地产的开发具有巨大的带动作用.本文定性分析了城市轨道交通对房地产价值的影响机理,并采用地价影响函数模型,对武汉城市轨道交通1号线地价影响函数相关参数进行了标定.定量研究证实了城市轨道交通时房地产价值的拉动作用.最后提出了武汉市轨道交通与房地产...     

浅谈宁波市水上公共交通的可行性

考虑到宁波市林立的桥梁,较大的水域纵横连通,同时路面上的交通状况时常不理想,本文基于历史面向未来,从民众需求,政府支持,航道情况,其他兄弟城市的相关现状等角度着手,通过文献调研,问卷调查,数据分析等方式来论述宁波市发展水上公共交通的可行性.