车辆重心高度对动力学性能的影响

随着我国铁路货物运输向重载化方向发展，车辆重心高度将产生大范围变化。我国铁路技术标准严格限制重车重心高度，当重心超过2000mm时，车辆要限速运行。在满载条件下，我国铁路现有的罐车实际重心高度普遍接近或高于2000mm。现以GQ70为例，采用SIMPACK仿真软件建立重车车辆模型，分析在不同运行工况下重心高度对车辆动力学性能的影响。计算结果表明，速度越高，车辆重心高度对动力学性能的影响越大，当车辆重心高度在1800mm到2600mm范围内变化时，对横向动力学性能及安全性影响较大，对垂向及轮轨动力学影响较小。     

Real-time capable vehicle–trailer coupling by algorithms for differential-algebraic equations

The real-time simulation of vehicle trains requires an accurate and numerically feasible representation of the vehicle–trailer coupling. Although the equations of motion for the chassis instances can be reduced to systems of ordinary differential equations, additional constraints on the relative motion of vehicle and trailer are introduced when considering the hitch. In this article, we present a strategy for the simulation of vehicle–trailer combinations, where the algebraic constraints of the coupling are treated explicitly. Although this approach allows exact modeling of the respective joint geometry and realistic calculation of the coupling forces, a suitable numerical algorithm is required in order to solve the resulting differential-algebraic system of index 3 in real-time. The implementation in a commercial vehicle dynamics program is discussed and real-time simulation results are shown, which prove its feasibility for different coupling joints and demanding driving maneuvers.     

KZ4A型机车转向架轴重增加后的设计改进

借鉴国内外200km/h等级机车轴重设计经验,通过对机车动力学性能的分析和对转向架主要部件的疲劳强度校核等,提出了KZ4A型机车转向架轴重增加后的设计改进措施。     

数字式快稳陀螺罗经设计初探

就如何缩短现有船用陀螺罗经的稳定时间和提高指向精度与稳定性进行探讨。利用现代高精度倾角测量技术,通过数学建模和计算机软件模拟的方法,在陀螺罗经启动后短时间内计算出陀螺仪主轴稳定指北的位置,并对计算结果的精度进行了分析和评估。     

机车车体车钢结构动态性能的模态试验方法及应用

文章主要介绍了一种比较常用的模态试验方法和某型电力机车车体钢结构模态试验。通过模态试验分析了机车结构模态特性对结构动态性能的影响。     

建筑排水系统内部的水流运动与室内环境关系的研究

研究目的:研究建筑排水系统内部水流和气流的运动规律,提出解决排水系统气体内溢的方法和措施。研究方法:结合对单一横支管排水,立管上端通大气,下端经排水横管排入直通大气的检查井的排水系统为实验室研究模型,分析建筑内部水流与气流运动引起的压力变化。研究结果:建筑排水系统内水流、气流的复杂运动会引起系统内压力的变化,而压力变化是引发排水系统气体内溢的关键。研究结论:建筑排水系统内水流和气流的运动,会引起排水系统内部压力的变化,而压力的变化是引起水封破坏,有害气体进入排水系统内部的根本原因。设置专用通气立管排水系统、排水管道的合理布置和敷设、选择高质量的卫生器具、合理采用排水管材和保证排水管道的施工质量、科学地使用排水系统,是解决居住建筑排水系统气体内溢的有效措施。     

Rotational equations usable for railway wheelsets

The Euler equation is a correct way for writing rotational moments of solids. But it is simple only if written in rotating frames. Applying it to railway wheelsets is difficult because it necessitates using the Euler angles, or Euler parameters, combined to rotation matrices or, numerically more stable, quaternions. Euler angles can be avoided in railway specific codes, by writing dynamical equations in track frames. However, academic literature [Landau LD, Lifshitz EM. Mechanics (Institute of Physical Problems, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow), Vol. 1, Course of theoretical physics. 21st English ed. Oxford (UK): Elsevier; 1960; Shabana AA, Zaazaa KE, Sugiyama H. Railroad vehicle dynamics. CRC Press; 2008.] does not provide simple solutions as to how properly writing equations of gyroscopic moments in no rotating frames. This paper describes how it is possible, owing to an approximation validated for railway applications, to avoid Euler angles and rotation matrices, while correctly taking into account gyroscopic effects. Using a most severe example, emphasising gyroscopic effects, it is demonstrated that a fast specific code using the approximation provides results equivalent to those of an multi body system generalised code with no approximation.     

Influence of wheel–rail contact modelling on vehicle dynamic simulation

This paper presents a comparison of four models of rolling contact used for online contact force evaluation in rail vehicle dynamics. Until now only a few wheel–rail contact models have been used for online simulation in multibody software (MBS). Many more models exist and their behaviour has been studied offline, but a comparative study of the mutual influence between the calculation of the creep forces and the simulated vehicle dynamics seems to be missing. Such a comparison would help researchers with the assessment of accuracy and calculation time. The contact methods investigated in this paper are FASTSIM, Linder, Kik–Piotrowski and Stripes. They are compared through a coupling between an MBS for the vehicle simulation and Matlab for the contact models. This way the influence of the creep force calculation on the vehicle simulation is investigated. More specifically this study focuses on the influence of the contact model on the simulation of the hunting motion and on the curving behaviour.     

Damping of roll vibrations of vehicle suspension

Small forced vibrations of an axle model of independent suspensions having four degrees of freedom are studied. The exact analytical solution of the generalised Lagrange equation enables one to produce 3D plots of the normalised amplitudes of forced vibrations versus frequency and excitation ratio or phase difference of the road inputs. The analysis of these plots exhibits some deficiency in damping of roll vibrations of conventional vehicle suspensions. The possibilities of improvement are discussed.     

A new method for determining wheel–rail multi-point contact

A new method for wheel–rail multi-point contact is presented in this paper. In this method, the first- and the second-order derivatives of the wheel–rail interpolation distance function and the elastic wheel–rail virtual penetration are used to determine multiple contact points. The method takes account of the yaw angle of the wheelset and allows the identification of all possible points of contact between wheel and rail surfaces with an arbitrary geometry. Static contact geometry calculations are first carried out using the developed method for both new and worn wheel profiles and with a new rail profile. The validity of the method is then verified by simulations of a coupled vehicle and track system dynamics over a small radius curve. The simulation results show that the developed method for multi-point contact is efficient and reliable enough to be implemented online for simulations of vehicle–track system dynamics.