综合交通枢纽信息诱导系统功能结构研究

信息诱导系统是提高综合交通枢纽换乘效率、均衡客流分布、提高系统利用率以及管理水平的有效途径,文中系统分析了综合交通枢纽信息诱导系统在面向不同的受众群体下所具有的系统功能,分别对面向乘客、车辆以及运营管理者的信息诱导功能进行了系统的分析。研究了综合交通枢纽信息系统的结构组成,包括综合交通枢纽信息诱导系统的应用平台,并分别对综合枢纽交通信息采集平台、信息共享平台、信息管理平台和信息服务平台的结构进行具体的分析。针对不同的交通枢纽类型,提出了综合交通枢纽信息诱导系统的服务设计要素。     

WEB网络数据库的访问技术

本文阐述了ＷＥＢ网络数据库的软、硬件系统方案,并详细地讨论了以ＷＩＮＤＯＷＳ ＮＴ为ＷＥＢ Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ系统模式的数据库访问方法。     

基于云模型的我国VTS绩效评价研究

研究我国VTS绩效评价问题,基于"4E"(经济性、效率性、有效性、公平性)理论,建立了完整的VTS绩效评价体系,并基于云模型对我国VTS绩效进行评价。评价结果显示:我国VTS在增加交通流和提升海事部门社会形象方面发挥很大作用;VTS的内部组织效率要明显高于外部监管服务的效率;VTS绩效中效率性、效果性和公平性指标评价结果要明显好于经济性指标;在云模型的应用过程中,定性指标比定量指标具有更大的随机性和模糊性。评价结果证明VTS绩效评价指标体系和云模型是有效的。     

Commercial public bus transport services in Germany: How a market in motion struggles with its regulatory framework

After decades of stagnation, the competitive market for commercial public bus transport services in Germany is beginning to move. Nevertheless, compared to the total market volume, the number of cases where competition is observable remains small. An empirical analysis of competition in the commercial services market as compared to competition in the non-commercial services market confirms that entry barriers do exist. These barriers clearly impede competitive developments in this embryonic market, which relies on the market initiatives of operators to develop. The paper identifies a key entry barrier in the institutional framework: for potential market entrants, the overall uncertainty regarding competitive procedures for commercial services is significantly higher than usual in tendering procedures. This high uncertainty poses the main disadvantage for newcomers as compared to incumbents.     

Exchange rate changes and the cost competitiveness of international airlines: The Aviation Trade Weighted Index

Discussions of how changes in exchange rates impact on international airlines tend to be ambivalent. In this paper, it is shown that the relative cost competitiveness of an international airline will decline when there is an exchange rate appreciation in its home country - as will be the case for other tradable goods and services. The extent to which this happens depends on which countries the prices of the inputs are set in and also on which countries' airlines it is closely competing with. The impact is greater if there is an appreciation relative to those countries whose airlines the home airlines are closely competing with. In the trade literature, this is recognised in the Trade Weighted Index of exchange rates, which weights exchanges rates according to their importance in a country's trade flows. In this paper, an Airline Trade Weighted Index is developed - the weights for this index depend on airline traffic and revenues on routes to and from a country. The ATWI is calculated for Australian international airlines, and it indicates that there has been a significant loss of competitiveness in recent years, due to the appreciation of the Australian dollar relative to currencies of key airline competitor countries.     

Transportation mode detection – an in-depth review of applicability and reliability

The wide adoption of location-enabled devices, together with the acceptance of services that leverage (personal) data as payment, allows scientists to push through some of the previous barriers imposed by data insufficiency, ethics and privacy skepticism. The research problems whose study require hard-to-obtain data (e.g. transportation mode detection, service contextualisation, etc.) have now become more accessible to scientists because of the availability of data collecting outlets. One such problem is the detection of a user's transportation mode. Different fields have approached the problem of transportation mode detection with different aims: Location-Based Services (LBS) is a field that focuses on understanding the transportation mode in real-time, Transportation Science is a field that focuses on measuring the daily travel patterns of individuals or groups of individuals, and Human Geography is a field that focuses on enriching a trajectory by adding domain-specific semantics. While different fields providing solutions to the same problem could be viewed as a positive outcome, it is difficult to compare these solutions because the reported performance indicators depend on the type of approach and its aim (e.g. the real-time availability of LBS requires the performance to be computed on each classified location). The contributions of this paper are three fold. First, the paper reviews the critical aspects desired by each research field when providing solutions to the transportation mode detection problem. Second, it proposes three dimensions that separate three branches of science based on their main interest. Finally, it identifies important gaps in research and future directions, that is, proposing: widely accepted error measures meaningful for all disciplines, methods robust to new data sets and a benchmark data set for performance validation.     

Integrated smartcard solutions: do people want one card for all their services?

Smartcard technologies offer the potential for bringing transport and citizen services onto a single smartcard platform – referred to henceforth as an integrated ‘Transport-Citizen’ (TranCit) card. One question never fully addressed thus far is whether the general public see the integration of services onto a single card as desirable. Based upon research undertaken through the Yorcard project trials, this paper presents the analysis of a series of three focus groups and responses to a public questionnaire which investigated the general desire for multi-application, integrated smartcards. Our findings suggest there is potential for an integrated TranCit card, facilitating easier access to services and travel options across boundaries, even at the international level. A number of operational, technical and data security issues exist which need to be resolved before there would be a greater acceptance of an integrated TranCit card, from both the traveller and the service provider perspective.     

中国城市网约车服务对公交使用量的影响

城市网约车服务的蓬勃发展对包括公共交通在内的传统出行方式将产生影响.本文针对公交使用量的影响问题，运用109个城市数据做实证分析，并从网约车进入时长和城市类别做异质性检验.研究结果表明：网约车服务进入城市对城市公交使用量有明显的负向影响，且负向影响在超大型城市中更为严重；随着时间推移，网约车服务对公交使用量的负向影响呈现先增强后减弱的规律.研究结论揭示了中国城市网约车对公交的影响规律，对交通管理者制定相关政策具有参考意义.     

移动互联网技术在高速公路的应用展望

随着移动互联网技术的发展和用户数量的快速增长,其应用领域也在不断深化拓展,催生了很多新的应用模式.对于高速公路这一传统领域,移动互联网技术一方面可以作为高速企业和行业主管单位业务推广的手段,另一方面也重构了其业务模式,在移动信息发布、交通流量分析、移动数据传输以及车路联网等方面形成了全新的应用方式,深刻地影响和改变了高速公路的管理模式.     

Incentive subsidy scheme design with elastic transport demand

Huge public transport subsidies caused by deficits have become a heavy financial burden on some local governments due to the decline of bus passenger numbers. It is essential to apply the performance‐based contract to bus services considering maximization of social welfare. This paper constructs an incentive subsidy contract considering the decision‐making powers of the service level and calculating the proper frequency elasticity aiming at two problems of performance‐based contracts. Meanwhile, we consider a role of bus operators ignored by most researchers. Under the scheme, the decision‐making power of the service level is discussed based on five assumptions, and meanwhile, bus operators are motivated to reduce cost and improve service level in the scheme. The case of the bus service of Arao city indicates that the optimal frequency equals to zero when bus operators decide frequency. If bus operators determine efforts, the optimal effort also equals to zero with the goal of maximizing the profit. Also, bus operators can play their roles in lessening cost and improving service level to help bus operators and the local government achieve a win‐win situation, which maximizes the social benefit in this subsidy scheme when all factors are decided by the government. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.