管棚成孔失水引起地表沉降因素分析

利用Biot固结理论,对管棚成孔和推进过程中因渗水而引起的沉降进行计算分析,研究管棚施工时间、管棚数量、不同的管棚直径和地层不同的渗透系数对地表沉降的影响。分析结果表明,若管棚施工从钻孔到注浆的时间控制在2 h以内,则地表最大沉降量小于5 mm;若该时间为8 h,则对应的地表沉降量可达10mm。随着管棚直径的增加,管棚施工中因失水引起的地表沉降量也随之增加。地层渗透系数的大小对沉降量的影响很大。提出控制管棚成孔和推进时间、尽可能地缩短管棚施工时间、采用小直径管棚、管棚施工中采用间隔施工等控制失水沉降的技术措施。     

兰州地下轨道交通围岩热物理参数试验研究

地下轨道交通暖通空调系统的优化设计与地下轨道交通隧道围岩的热物理参数性质密切相关。文章以兰州地下轨道交通原状土样为研究对象,使用Hot Disk热常数分析仪探究了兰州地下轨道交通围岩的热物理性质。研究结果表明:兰州地下轨道交通围岩土样的导热系数随深度的增加而增加,深度13 m处的中砂层导热系数和热扩散系数最大,明显比其它深度处的黄土层和淤泥质土层的导热系数和热扩散系数大,而中砂层体积比热较小;围岩土样的导热系数随含水率增加呈线性增长,体积比热随含水率增加先降低后增高,热扩散系数随含水率增加先升高后缓慢降低。     

浅谈"水上漂流"安全监管

本文从水上漂流的属性入手,对目前水上漂流安全监管工作的重难点问题进行了剖析,并类比内河交通安全管理模式,提出对水上漂流活动监管的对策与建议。     

浅水区位置的判断与现象分析

本文从流态、河段地形、水位、航行现象等方面介绍浅水区的特点,阐述了船舶驶入浅水区时的现象,以供船舶驾驶员判断不适航浅水区位置的参考。     

Application of a validated primary production model (BLOOM) as a screening tool for marine, coastal and transitional waters

In order to manage aquatic systems, it is necessary to apply methods relating the environmental variables and system-state parameters with external factors that affect the system. External factors can be natural (i.e. the movement of water) or partly-anthropogenic (i.e. nutrient loads). In addition to the national authorities, who have been implementing environmental policies for several decades, the EU is presently implementing the Water Framework Directive (WFD) aimed at establishing a new set of standards for the ecological and water quality of water systems. Among these are the phytoplankton biomass and composition. Phytoplankton affects turbidity, oxygen depletion, total productivity of the system and the occurrence of (harmful) algal blooms. A range of methods is available to relate phytoplankton to the controlling environmental conditions. Among these are statistical relations for instance of the Vollenweider type as well as deterministic simulation models. At the end of the 1970s, a generic deterministic phytoplankton module called BLOOM was developed, which has since been applied to a wide range of fresh water and marine systems. Here we test the applicability of this model as a screening tool for coastal waters. We conclude that the model is able to reproduce observed chlorophyll levels adequately under a wide range of conditions. Subsequently the model is applied to demonstrate the potential impacts of reductions in nitrogen, phosphorus or both nutrients simultaneously. Depending on which factors are initially controlling, the impacts of these reductions vary considerably both between locations and during the season. While this type of application lacks explicit relations between nutrient concentrations and external loadings, it does consider a number of relevant conditions in a consistent way and requires remarkably little data and effort. It is therefore a valuable screening tool.     

厦门海底隧道建设中涌水量流固耦合数值模拟

文章运用有限差分软件(FLAC3D)对厦门海底隧道F4风化深槽的涌水情况进行了流固耦合分析。由于隧道在穿越风化深槽段时采用双侧壁导洞法施工,因此对隧道施工三个阶段的涌水量分别进行了分析,并对不同注浆密度下的涌水量进行了对比。研究结果表明,在隧道开始开挖阶段,涌水量较大,之后逐渐趋于稳定;左右侧导洞开挖时,涌水量逐渐增大,但隧道中间部分开挖后,涌水量有所降低;数值计算所得涌水量结果与规范推荐公式计算结果基本一致。     

公路水毁处治方案

今年辽宁省受台风等极端天气影响,有些公路局部路段出现较严重的水毁现象。就水毁路段的现状、处治方案及今后设计、施工中应注意的问题进行论述。     

Experimental investigation on the dynamic responses of a free-hanging water intake riser under vessel motion

A large-scale model test of a free-hanging water intake riser (WIR) is performed in an ocean basin to investigate the riser responses under vessel motion. Top end of the WIR is forced to oscillate at given vessel motion trajectories. Fiber Brag Grating (FBG) strain sensors are used to measure the WIR dynamic responses. Experimental results firstly confirms that the free-hanging WIR would experience out-of-plane vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) under pure vessel motion even for the case with a KC number as low as 5. Meanwhile, comparison between numerical results and experimental measurements suggests a significant drag amplification by out-of-plane vessel motion-induced VIV. What’s more, further study on WIR response frequencies and cross section trajectories reveals a strong correlation between vessel motion-induced VIV and local KC number distribution, owing to the small KC number effect. The presented work provides useful references for gaining a better understanding on VIV induced by vessel motion, and for the development of future prediction models.     

一体化反应堆直流蒸汽发生器流动不稳定性研究

一体化反应堆结构紧凑、安全性高,在中小型反应堆的发展中具有很大优势。一体化反应堆中通常采用套管式直流蒸汽发生器(OTSG),传热管是套管结构,采用双面传热,换热能力强,但套管内存在单相区,汽水两相区和过热区,传热情况复杂,在反应堆启动、停止或低功率运行时容易产生两相流动不稳定现象。文章采用RELAP5程序,针对某陆用反应堆套管式直流蒸汽发生器建立了集总参数分析的模型,研究了系统压力、入口过冷度、入口节流等参数对流动不稳定性的影响。计算结果表明:增大系统压力,提高入口过冷度,在一定条件下增加入口节流均有利于系统的稳定。文章是对一体化反应堆直流蒸汽发生器流动性研究,对船用反应堆的直流蒸汽发生器流动性研究同样具有参考意义。     

公路水毁防治对策

水毁是公路最主要的自然灾害之一,分布广泛、发生频繁和危害巨大的特点不但严重影响交通运输的营运与安全,而且也造成了重大经济损失。本文通过分析一些常见的公路水毁形式,提出一些公路水毁防治的方法。