Technical standardization of ITS and Asian initiatives for intelligent mobility

User-centric intelligent mobility businesses emerge and prosper in Asian metropolitan areas by utilizing the progress if information and communication technology (ICT). Under the rise of private lead initiatives on intelligent transport systems (ITS), the roles of public sectors are still large. Public sectors should precisely identify the extensive ITS services by considering the regional conditions and deploy them by collaboration between the public and private. Public sectors also are strongly encouraged to identify the benefits acquired by development and compliance of the international technical standards. Furthermore, in order to maximize the potential capacity of ICT, improvements of social infrastructures are required by the public sectors together with private businesses. With the realization of the collaboration works, Asian regions are well deserved to take the lead in future ITS initiatives.     

深埋不同水头条件下TBM管片结构力学特性与结构设计

通过使用ANSYS梁-弹簧模型,结合某大直径深埋TBM公路隧道管片设计,对不同高度水头下管片结构力学特性进行分析。得到随着水头高度的增加,管片结构的力学特性主要分为4个阶段。第一阶段为拱顶受拉控制。水头高度为0~1D,安全系数逐渐减小;第二阶段仍然为拱顶受拉控制。水头高度为1D~2D,安全系数逐渐增加;第三个阶段为拱顶受拉转变为拱脚受压控制。水头高度为2D~4D,安全系数逐渐减小;第四阶段属于管片环拱腰位置受压控制。水头高度大于4D,安全系数继续减小直到管片破坏。通过研究管片厚度、混凝土强度等级、配筋量3个设计因素对管片水头承载能力的影响,提出不同水头高度条件下的分段设计方法:管片处于第一和第二阶段时,增加管片配筋量和管片厚度能显著提高结构安全性;管片处于第三和第四阶段时,提高管片厚度和混凝土强度等级能显著提高管片安全系数和最终的水头承载能力。     

Public private partnerships in transportation: Some insights from the European experience

Most EU member states and the European Commission regard the PPP as an important tool to attract additional financial resources for high priority investments such as transport. The objective of this paper is to delineate the EU panorama of PPP markets and investigate the impacts of EU institutions in the development and success of this type of financial arrangement for the transport sector in Europe. We examine how the scope of the PPP in Europe is based on the flexibility and adaptability of the contract to the features of the project and to the economic and institutional environment. These issues are illustrated through a number of examples in the transport sector. We conclude by observing that the market for PPPs, although still fragmented nationally, is developing a European dimension and attracting resources from a variety of players.     

德兴市生活饮用水水源水质调查分析

采用水质标准和水质指数法.对1993～1994年间德兴市生活饮用水水源水质监测结果进行评价.结果表明,水源水质良好,As、Cd、Pb等毒理学指标和Fe、Mn、Cu、zn等一般化学指标均符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》,水中大肠菌群数在78个L以下.符合只经过过滤消毒即供给做生活饮用水的卫生要求.     

基于动态规划的舰船最佳航路设计

针对目前对舰船最佳航路选择的重要性，通过分析明确了舰船最佳航路的概念，并用发展和应用比较成熟的动态规划方法对舰船最佳航路的设计进行建模，以期得到实际应用。     

BRT系统高峰期运营管理策略浅析

针对目前BRT系统在高峰期运营的不足,提出了BRT系统在高峰期的运营管理设计及具体策略,通过结合ITS技术实现对人、车、站、道等有效管理,为交通管理部门决策提供参考.     

Do modes of transportation and GPS affect cognitive maps of Londoners?

Legibility has long been recognized as an important factor in creating a good image of a city in individuals’ minds. This image is perceived to assist people in understanding the city, finding their way, and recalling the city. The quality of the image affects individuals’ abilities in way-finding. This is especially important for cosmopolitan and global cities such as London in order to preserve resources and time, manage travel costs, limit pollution (air or noise) and enhance these cities as places to live, work and visit. This research examines the cognitive maps of London drawn by a sample of its residents to discover how different modes of transportation and GPS usage could affect individuals’ urban images. Such research is useful for town planners, local government departments, and urban and transport planners because of the way it considers the legibility of London as and provides a tool to study individuals’ urban images. 101 participants were recruited with at least a two-year residency from both genders (38.6% females and 61.4% males) with the average age of 33.88 and S.D. = 10.63. The results suggest car use has a positive correlation with seeing London in city scale and GPS usage has a negative correlation. Whilst recent studies have shown that there are differences between active travel modes (e.g., walking, bicycle riding or driving a car) and passive modes (e.g., as a passenger taking a bus, train or taxi), this study indicates that GPS usage also influences cognitive maps, with a negative correlation found between GPS usage and drawing maps on a city scale. Other significant associations were found for the car drivers with a positive relation with the number of roads mentioned on the maps, seeing London in city scale and having a two-dimensional façade image of the city in mind.     

Competition in multi-modal transport networks: A dynamic approach

We analyze the behavior of market participants in a multi-modal commuter network, where roads are not priced, but public transport has a usage fee, which is set while taking the effects on the roads into account. In particular, we analyze the difference between markets with a monopolistic public transport operator, which operates all public transport links, and markets in which separate operators own each public transport link. To do so, we consider a simple dynamic transport network consisting of two serial segments and two parallel congestible modes of transport. We obtain a reduced form of the public transport operator’s optimal fare setting problem and show that, even if the total travel demand is inelastic, serial Bertrand–Nash competition on the public transport links leads to different fares than a serial monopoly; a result not observed in a static model. This results from the fact that trip timing decisions, and therefore the generalized prices of all commuters, are influenced by all fares in the network. We then use numerical simulations to show that, contrary to the results obtained in classic studies on vertical competition, monopolistic fares are not always lower than duopolistic fares; the opposite can also occur. We also explore how different parameters influence the price differential, and how this affects welfare.     

中国-东盟交通合作战略航运规划初探

文章从广西航运发展现状和广西与东盟目前航运合作交流概况出发,分析当前中国东盟航运合作存在的问题,提出中国东盟交通合作战略近期航运规划的建议.     

Post-disaster evacuation and temporary resettlement considering panic and panic spread

After a disaster, a huge number of homeless victims should be evacuated to temporary resettlement sites. However, because the number of temporary shelters is insufficient, as are shelter building capabilities, victims must be evacuated and resettled in batches. The perceived psychological penalty to victims may increase due to heightened panic when waiting for evacuation and resettlement, whereas psychological interventions can decrease the magnitude of this panic. Based on the susceptible–infective-removal model, panic spread among homeless victims and other disaster-affected people is modeled, while considering the effects of psychological interventions on panic spread. A function is derived to compute the increase in the number of victims to be evacuated due to panic spread. A novel mixed-integer linear program is constructed for multi-step evacuation and temporary resettlement under minimization of panic-induced psychological penalty cost, psychological intervention cost, and costs associated with transportation and building shelters. The model is solved by aggregating objectives into a single objective by assigning weights to these objectives. With Wenchuan County as the test case, the epicenter of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, the influence and the sensitivity of parameters, tradeoff among costs, and the effects of various functions of panic strength on psychological penalty and monetary costs are assessed using six experimental scenarios. Analytical results reveal the complexity and managerial insights gained by applying the proposed method to post-disaster evacuation and temporary resettlement.