公交乘客等车时间分布的估算方法研究

针对高频公交服务,以给定车头时距作为已知条件,作者研究了乘客等车时间分布的估算方法,该方法为评价公交服务可靠性奠定基础。依据乘客等车时间分布的定义,通过分析乘客等车时间概率密度,得到了以车头时距为自变量的乘客等车时间概率密度曲线,并以此为基础推导出乘客等车时间分布的一种估算方法。通过分析单车头时距内的乘客等车时间分布以及对应的载客量比例,推导出乘客等车时间分布的另一种估算方法。作者介绍了两种估算方法的应用方法,并以一个实例进行说明。两种估算方法的计算结果相差很小,用户可根据自己的需求选择合适的方法。     

城市片区智能交通系统方案设计

以国内某城市经济实验区智能交通系统的方案设计为例,从系统构成、系统功能、信息传输等方面探讨了以物联网技术为基础的城市片区智能交通系统的设计思路,可为其他同类型片区智能交通系统设计提供参考。     

5米以下游船水上旅游活动安全监管研究

随着景区水上旅游业的日益兴盛,水上旅游船舶的监管已成为各海事机构日常监管中的重中之重,文中分析了5米以下船舶监管存在的明显问题,结合当前的发展实际,提出做好顶层设计、细化部门责任、明确治理方式的相关建议。     

交通运输行业继续教育培训平台搭建初探

本文以培训平台开发为研究对象,在分析国内外培训平台发展状况的基础上,以交通运输行业继续教育培训平台开发为依据,系统阐述了交通运输行业继续教育培训平台顶层设计内容、账户管理模式、模块添加方式、网络课程搭建形式等内容,并对培训平台的主要功能进行了简明介绍,为各行业同类型培训平台的开发、应用与优化提供了参考。     

沈阳市公示语翻译现状及规范化

公示语翻译规范化对城市的形象有很重要的影响。本文从旅游景区公示语、交通和道路公示语、商业场所公示语和其它场所公示语四个方面分析沈阳市公示语翻译现状并提出公示语翻译规范化的策略。     

长江小南海枢纽施工二期导流明渠通航条件研究

根据小南海枢纽河段河势及水流条件特点,通过水工模型试验和船模试验相结合的方法,分析了小南海枢纽施工二期导流明渠通航条件及存在问题,提出了明渠进口段炸除碍航礁石、出口段开挖新航槽的优化方案。研究表明:导流明渠原设计方案明渠进、出口段礁石碍航严重,通航水流条件差;优化方案通过整治措施显著改善了导流明渠的通航条件,保障了小南海枢纽施工二期长江上游航运的安全畅通。     

Introducing Willingness‐to‐pay for Noise Changes into Transport Appraisal: An Application of Benefit Transfer

Abstract

Numerous research studies have elicited willingness‐to‐pay values for transport‐related noise. However, in many industrialized countries including the UK, noise costs and benefits are still not incorporated into appraisals for most transport projects and policy changes. This paper describes the actions recently taken in the UK to address this issue, comprising: primary research based on the city of Birmingham; an international review of willingness‐to‐pay evidence; the development of values using benefit transfers over time and locations; and integration with appraisal methods. Amongst the main findings are: that the willingness‐to‐pay estimates derived for the UK are broadly comparable with those used in appraisal elsewhere in Europe; that there is a case for a lower threshold at 45 dB(A)Leq,18h rather than the more conventional 55 dB(A); and that values per dB(A) increase with the noise level above this threshold. There are significant issues over the valuation of rail versus road noise, the neglect of non‐residential noise and the valuation of high noise levels in different countries. Conclusions are drawn regarding the feasibility of noise valuation based on benefit transfers in the UK and elsewhere, and future research needs in this field are discussed.     

Clean Water Act Section 404 and Coastal Marsh Sustainability

The “no net wetland loss” goal has not been met in urban coastal regions where conditions continue to exacerbate wetland losses. Under the Clean Water Act (Section 404) the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency share responsibility for regulating placement of fill material in wetlands. The `no discharge of fill' rules threaten coastal wetlands with continuing losses due to effects of changing climate, including rising sea levels, higher storm surges, and flooding. Where inland migration is limited by development, or where sediment accretion rates are lower than the rate of sea level rise, urban wetlands will be lost unless marsh topography is elevated. We explored regulatory and design approaches in recent Hudson-Raritan Estuary (HRE), San Francisco Bay Estuary and coastal Louisiana restorations, including creation of new marshland using dredge material. Questions related to sea level rise, ecological position within the landscape, or potential effects of extreme storm events were not addressed in the HRE restoration designs; these concerns were taken into account in other regions. We suggest benefits of marsh `replenishment' should be acknowledged in Federal regulatory policy and that consistent policies supportive of low-lying coastal marsh preservation in all regions should be enacted.     

Workshop 4: Designing contracts/concessions: What has worked and what has not and why?: 12th International Conference Series on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport

A contract establishes a mutual relationship between an authority and an operator. From the point of view of the authority, it is a tactical level mechanism to achieve the strategic objectives of government. Management of contractors translate the requirements of contracts into operational practices to guide the day-to-day work of staff for the delivery of services. Much can go wrong with contracts for the provision of public transport services. Workshop participants identified and ranked 25 potential risk factors. The five most important factors, which relate to objectives, tender assessment, allocation of risks, financial viability and dispute management, were examined drawing on the 11 papers presented to the workshop. Matters that work, that do not and would make the most difference to the success of contracts were identified.     

基于AHP和模糊综合评价理论的压载水管理系统实船选配模型研究

本文针对船东面临的船舶压载水管理系统实船选配的难题,设计了一种基于层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价理论的实船选配模型。该模型首先通过层次分析法建立评价指标体系,把专家对各项指标的主观评判进行数学量化,获取权重向量;通过定量和定性的方法对备选设备商的各个考核指标进行隶属度分析,最后通过模糊综合评价理论计算出最终的选配评价得分。经实际算例检验,该方法简单、实用、有效,可对船东前期的决策起到很好的辅助作用。