轮轨结构参数对列车运动稳定性的影响

基于车辆—轨道耦合动力学理论,运用动力学仿真软件TTISIM,系统地分析和探讨了机车车辆的抗蛇行减振器,一系悬挂刚度,转向架轴距,车轮踏面锥度对临界速度的影响,以及轨距,钢轨小反,轨底坡,扣件刚度和阻尼等参数对列车稳定性的影响。指出在计算机车车辆的临界速度时,不仅要考虑整车的结构参数和模型,还应把轨道模型和结构参数纳入整个模型和分析过程。这对铁路机车车辆结构参数优化设计,提高或改善机车车辆运动稳定性,及既有线提速改造和高(快)速铁路修建等工程问题均具有实际意义。     

Trace metals in water, sediments and marine organisms from the northern part of the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were determined in water, sediments, gastropod (Bulla umpulla) and green algae (Ulva lactuca) collected from five stations in the western side of the northern part of the Gulf of Suez during the period February 1993–January 1994. Sediments recorded the highest concentrations of Cd (2.26–4.40 μg/g) and Pb (13.90–28.34 μg/g), While the highest concentrations of the essential metals Cu and Zn were found in B. umpulla (28.19–72.04 and 60.24–108.74 μg/g, respectively). Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. Highest values of the studied metals were found at stations influenced by various pollution sources such as harbours, and sewage and industrial drains. In contrast, the lowest concentrations were observed faraway from any pollution source. Calculations of concentration factors (C.F.) for gastropod and algae showed highest C.F. of Cd (4312.5–8705.9) and Pb (2103.3–8317.9) in algae, and highest C.F. of Cu (5288.9–42376.5) and Zn (3686.7–9631.5) in gastropod.     

Long-term changes of inorganic nutrients in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy)

The paper aims at investigating the trends of the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy, in the last 35 years. The trend analysis of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and reactive phosphorus (RP) yielded rather different results. The decrease in ammonia nitrogen concentration, in particular, in the basin influenced by severe industrial discharges, is accurately described by a negative exponential model. The nitrate concentration did not show significant interannual trends, while wide seasonal variations have been detected. Reactive phosphorus concentration increased until the end of the 1970s at the stations close to the industrial area as well as in those influenced by river discharges and by sewages of the city of Venice. The sudden decrease that followed was most likely related with environmental policies, namely the improvement of wastewater purification treatments and the regulation of phosphorus use in detergents.     

含盐量及含水量对氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度参数的影响

盐渍土作为一类特殊的工程地质体,其抗剪强度受环境因素的影响是复杂的。通过室内试验,分析不同含盐量和含水量条件下氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度的变化规律,研究含盐量、含水量对盐渍土抗剪强度的影响机理。研究表明:在含水量达到一定量时,随着CaCl2含量的增加,氯盐盐渍土的抗剪强度参数值是先减小后增大,达到最小值时的土体临界含盐量为10.36%;在含盐量一定的情况下含水量从8%增到10%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度比较大,而从10%增到15.56%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度明显变小;土中易溶盐相态的变化,从土颗粒间溶液的离子浓度和土体骨架作用两方面影响盐渍土的抗剪强度;当含盐量一定时,随着含水量的增大,土粒间离子的浓度逐渐减小,使得扩散层厚度增大,粘结力减小。     

挡土墙裂缝问题的分析与探讨

分析了水工混凝土挡土墙产生裂缝的原因,提出了防治措施。     

试论水上交通事故责任认定的不可诉性

对水上交通事故责任认定不服,是否可以提起行政复议或者行政诉讼这一问题,在海事管理机构内部一直持有不同的观点。文章通过对法学的理解,分析了水上交通事故责任认定的特点、行政行为的法理分类和司法判例等诸多方面,提出不服水上交通事故责任认定不宜通过行政诉讼途径解决的观点。     

轨道参数对无缝线路稳定性影响的敏感性分析

以不等波长无缝线路稳定性计算公式作为系统数学模型,采用单参数敏感性分析方法,分析轨道参数对允许温升和轨道变形波长的影响,计算各自的敏感度系数。结果表明,轨道原始弯曲矢长比、轨道横移值对允许温差的敏感度系数影响很大,属于敏感参数,而钢轨扣件的阻矩系数H的敏感度系数相对较小,但仍在较敏感范围。对变形波长来说,轨道横移值是敏感参数,轨道原始弯曲矢长比、钢轨扣件阻矩系数H较敏感参数。计算结果表明,对不同的参数基准值,敏感度系数也不同。忽略轨道原始弯曲矢长比对变形波长的影响,计算的允许温差,其结果与变形波长随轨道原始弯曲矢长比变化时的允许温差相差甚微。     

沥青路面水损害与车辙的分析研究

以调查测定的数据为基础,把当前高速公路早期损坏的两种主要形式———水损害与车辙作为一对矛盾来分析。在综合分析铁岭-四平高速公路为满足构造深度要求出现了水损害、沈阳-山海关全线解决了水损害又出现了车辙的现状及其原因后,提出为防止一个倾向掩盖另一个倾向,应以综合平衡为指导思想。论文指出实现综合平衡从按多指标要求设计混合料发展到以分工论为基础的结构层功能设计外,还应针对当前工程实际,加强以施工过程控制为基础的工程质量变异性的控制。     

锥-环-柱结合壳的应力和稳定性

本文用解析法计算了受中面均布法向载荷作用的锥-环-柱结合壳中的应力值，并根据Trefftz准则计算了其失稳临界压力。计算结果说明，在总体几何尺寸与壳厚相同的情况下，锥-环-柱结合壳与锥-柱结合亮相比，过渡区的局部应力值显著减小，失稳临界压力提高。     

略论如何提高《水运技术词典》的编写质量

科学技术的进步，也包括科技图书出版事业的发展。交通部黄镇东部长曾说过：“交通战线上有两种工程，一种是港口、码头、道路、桥梁等基本建设工程；一种是图书出版等文化工程。《水运技术词典》就是一项十分重要的文化工程。”他对该项工作十分重视，并亲任编委会主任。本文作者是该书的副主编，从准确性、先进性、严谨性等出发就立目、释义、内容等几个方面论述了如何提高《水运技术词典》的编写质量。