Variability of the Bohai Sea circulation based on model calculations

The circulation and the hydrography of the Bohai Sea are simulated with the Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM). The model is three-dimensional, prognostic baroclinic and has a resolution of 5 min in latitude and longitude and 10 layers in the vertical. It is initialised and forced with the five main tidal constituents, temperature and salinity distributions taken from the Levitus database, monthly mean river run-off values and European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) re-analysed data of air pressure, wind stress and of those parameters relevant for the calculation of heat fluxes. The simulation period covers 14 years from 1980 to 1993 due to the availability of the time-dependent ECMWF forcing.The results are analysed by means of time series and EOFs focussing on the interpretation of fluctuations with periods above the tidal cycle. Furthermore, tracer simulations are carried out and turnover times are calculated in order to evaluate the importance of these fluctuations on the renewal and transport of water masses in the Bohai Sea.One of the major outcomes of the investigation is the overall dominance of the annual cycle in all hydrographic parameters and the importance of stochastic weather fluctuations on the transport of water masses in the Bohai Sea.     

海员胜任力结构及其评价标准初步研究

对129名海员进行了5项6个心理指标的测试。通过专家咨询法确定海员胜任力检测指标体系的权重系数，构建了海员胜任力特征结构模型与综合评价模型。提出了40岁以下和以上年龄海员的胜任力评价标准。     

黄土隧道围岩含水率变化及拱架受力特征研究

为了研究黄土隧道围岩含水率和钢拱架应力在施工期间的变化规律,以在建银西高铁董志塬区上阁村隧道为例,采用现场监测方法,对黄土隧道围岩体积含水率变化规律和钢拱架受力特征进行分析研究。结果表明:黄土隧道围岩含水率在时间上呈先增长后平稳的两阶段变化,在空间上表现为拱顶和拱腰位置的含水率总体小于拱脚和仰拱底部的含水率;钢拱架应力在施工期内呈先非线性增大后出现波动最后趋于平稳的三阶段变化规律,在施工期内钢拱架对承受围岩压力、确保大断面黄土隧道围岩稳定性方面发挥着重要作用。建议对大断面黄土隧道在施工期内形成"勤测含水率、重视防排水、加强初支"的管理理念。     

Two-dimensional numerical simulation and experiment on strongly nonlinear wave–body interactions

A constrained interpolation profile (CIP)-based Cartesian grid method for strongly nonlinear wave–body interaction problems is presented and validated by a newly designed experiment, which is performed in a two-dimensional wave channel. In the experiment, a floating body that has a rectangular section shape is used. A superstructure is installed on the deck and a small floating-body freeboard is adopted in order to easily obtain water-on-deck phenomena. A forced oscillation test in heave and a wave–body interaction test are carried out. The numerical simulation is performed by the CIP-based Cartesian grid method, which is described in this paper. The CIP scheme is applied in the Cartesian grid-based flow solver. New improvements of the method include an interface-capturing method that applies the tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing (THINC) scheme and a virtual particle method for the floating body. The efficiency of the THINC scheme is shown by a dam-breaking computation. Numerical simulations on the experimental problem for both the forced oscillation test and the wave–body interaction test are carried out, and the results are compared to the measurements. All of the comparisons are reasonably good. It is shown, based on the numerical examples, that the present CIP-based Cartesian grid method is an accurate and efficient method for predicting strongly nonlinear wave–body interactions.     

A dense water outflow from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Mixing and the contribution of tides

We use hydrographic, current, and microstructure measurements, and tide-forced ocean models, to estimate benthic and interfacial mixing impacting the evolution of a bottom-trapped outflow of dense shelf water from the Drygalski Trough in the northwestern Ross Sea. During summer 2003 an energetic outflow was observed from the outer shelf ( 500 m isobath) to the  1600 m isobath on the continental slope. Outflow thickness was as great as  200 m, and mean speeds were  0.6 m s^− 1 relative to background currents exceeding  1 m s^− 1 that were primarily tidal in origin. No outflow was detected on the slope in winter 2004, although a thin layer of dense shelf water was present on the outer shelf. When the outflow was well-developed, the estimated benthic stress was of order one Pascal and the bulk Froude number over the upper slope exceeded one. Diapycnal scalar diffusivity (K_z) values in the transition region at the top of the outflow, estimated from Thorpe-scale analysis of potential density and measurements of microscale temperature gradient from sensors attached to the CTD rosette, were of order 10^− 3−10^− 2 m² s^− 1. For two cases where the upper outflow boundary was particularly sharply defined, entrainment rate w_e was estimated from K_z and bulk outflow parameters to be  10^− 3 m s^− 1 ( 100 m day^− 1). A tide-forced, three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme for diapycnal mixing yields results consistent with a significant tidal role in mixing associated with benthic stress and shear within the stratified ocean interior.     

长大隧道贯通误差估算方法

结合大伙房水库输水工程长大隧道,介绍施工测量控制系统的设计思路及其误差所引起的横向、纵向、竖向贯通误差的估算方法,精度预计结果说明本设计方案能满足横向、纵向、竖向贯通误差控制的要求。     

车用加热器降低汽油机冷起动排放的试验研究

通过液体燃油加热器对车用电喷汽油发动机冷却液进行预热,进行了机动车低温冷起动过程的排放试验研究。台架试验证明:加热器可大幅度降低发动机低温冷起动阶段的排放。经燃油加热器预热后,按欧Ⅲ标准,前两个15工况循环下的累积排放量在不经催化转化器时,HC降低了31.4%,CO下降2.8%,NOx下降59.5%。燃油加热器自身的累积排放量HC为原机的3.1%,CO为4.6%,而NOx仅为原机的1.8%。试验中还对同时利用燃油加热器排温预热起燃催化转化器进行了探索。     

宜万铁路别岩槽隧道F3 断层突发性涌水治理

宜万铁路别岩槽隧道F3断层在初期支护完成后,由于受地表强降雨影响,突发大规模涌水,使初期支护严重变形。文章主要介绍了F3断层的涌水事故、应急预案,以及通过采取“径向注浆加固-初期支护加强-及时施作二次衬砌”等综合技术措施,有效地治理了F3断层涌水-变形段。     

沥青混凝土路面水破坏病害成因分析和预防措施

水破坏是造成沥青混凝土路面多种早期病害中的破坏力最大的一种病害,本文结合本地区实际,重点分析了水破坏病害形成的原因,并提出了相应的预防措施.     

信息技术对水运公共行政的影响

社会信息化是当代社会的一种大趋势，它正推动着水运公共行政现代化的进程。信息技术的发展对诸如行政人员、行政决策、行政组织、行政方法、行政公文、政府管理模式等公共行政要素和过程产生着深远的影响。