Modeling free-flow speed according to different water depths—From the viewpoint of dynamic hydraulic pressure

In this paper, we propose a method of modeling free flow speed from the viewpoint of hydroplaning. First, the lift forces for different water depths were estimated using Bernoulli’s equation. Compared with the result of the experimental test performed by the Japan Automobile Research Institute, the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient was determined to be 0.03 (tf s²/m⁴). The validation of the predicted lift force is found in another published paper. A very good match is found between the computed values by the proposed numerical model and the data in other published papers. Then, the loss of contact force is considered to evaluate the hydroplaning performance of a tire. To simulate the hydroplaning speed, a tire-sliding model was utilized to obtain the traction and friction forces between the road surface and the tire. The observation data obtained in Japan in 2009 is compared with the physically computed hydroplaning speed, yielding the conclusion that the traction force at the measured desired speed is, on average, 23.4% of the traction force at hydroplaning speed. The analytical model offers a useful tool to quantitatively show that the free flow speed changes as the water depth increase.     

含盐量及含水量对氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度参数的影响

盐渍土作为一类特殊的工程地质体,其抗剪强度受环境因素的影响是复杂的。通过室内试验,分析不同含盐量和含水量条件下氯盐盐渍土抗剪强度的变化规律,研究含盐量、含水量对盐渍土抗剪强度的影响机理。研究表明:在含水量达到一定量时,随着CaCl2含量的增加,氯盐盐渍土的抗剪强度参数值是先减小后增大,达到最小值时的土体临界含盐量为10.36%;在含盐量一定的情况下含水量从8%增到10%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度比较大,而从10%增到15.56%时,抗剪强度参数值减小幅度明显变小;土中易溶盐相态的变化,从土颗粒间溶液的离子浓度和土体骨架作用两方面影响盐渍土的抗剪强度;当含盐量一定时,随着含水量的增大,土粒间离子的浓度逐渐减小,使得扩散层厚度增大,粘结力减小。     

航运企业选择战略联盟伙伴的决策方法

战略联盟作为企业经营的一种新理念 ,自美国DEC公司总裁简·霍普兰德 (J .Hopland)和管理学家罗杰·奈杰尔 (R .Nigle)提出以来 ,在近 2 0多年的时间里 ,越来越多的企业通过战略联盟的方式参与全球竞争 ,并取得了显著的效果。这一组织制度的创新理论 ,迅速成为各大公司获取自身利益最大化的最优选择。我国加入WTO后 ,航运业的竞争也将日趋激烈 ,对如何提高航运企业的竞争优势 ,作出合理的决策 ,关系到企业的生存大计。通过对航运企业实施战略联盟的分析 ,提出了航运企业在选择战略联盟伙伴时 ,可供采取的模糊综合评判决策方法     

A dense water outflow from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Mixing and the contribution of tides

We use hydrographic, current, and microstructure measurements, and tide-forced ocean models, to estimate benthic and interfacial mixing impacting the evolution of a bottom-trapped outflow of dense shelf water from the Drygalski Trough in the northwestern Ross Sea. During summer 2003 an energetic outflow was observed from the outer shelf ( 500 m isobath) to the  1600 m isobath on the continental slope. Outflow thickness was as great as  200 m, and mean speeds were  0.6 m s^− 1 relative to background currents exceeding  1 m s^− 1 that were primarily tidal in origin. No outflow was detected on the slope in winter 2004, although a thin layer of dense shelf water was present on the outer shelf. When the outflow was well-developed, the estimated benthic stress was of order one Pascal and the bulk Froude number over the upper slope exceeded one. Diapycnal scalar diffusivity (K_z) values in the transition region at the top of the outflow, estimated from Thorpe-scale analysis of potential density and measurements of microscale temperature gradient from sensors attached to the CTD rosette, were of order 10^− 3−10^− 2 m² s^− 1. For two cases where the upper outflow boundary was particularly sharply defined, entrainment rate w_e was estimated from K_z and bulk outflow parameters to be  10^− 3 m s^− 1 ( 100 m day^− 1). A tide-forced, three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme for diapycnal mixing yields results consistent with a significant tidal role in mixing associated with benthic stress and shear within the stratified ocean interior.     

船舶航行自动避让研究--船舶自动避让系统的危险度评价

提出1种船舶航行自动避让系统的组成方式，利用AIS或ARPA获得相关避让数据，根据不同的航行区域与条件，通过对来船的方位、来船与本船的相对距离、DCPA(最近会遇点距离)和TCPA(最近会遇点时间)数据的评价，给出相应的合理避让依据，供系统进行决策和采取自动避让措施，以达到船舶航行安全的目的。     

试论水上交通事故责任认定的不可诉性

对水上交通事故责任认定不服,是否可以提起行政复议或者行政诉讼这一问题,在海事管理机构内部一直持有不同的观点。文章通过对法学的理解,分析了水上交通事故责任认定的特点、行政行为的法理分类和司法判例等诸多方面,提出不服水上交通事故责任认定不宜通过行政诉讼途径解决的观点。     

沥青路面水损害与车辙的分析研究

以调查测定的数据为基础,把当前高速公路早期损坏的两种主要形式———水损害与车辙作为一对矛盾来分析。在综合分析铁岭-四平高速公路为满足构造深度要求出现了水损害、沈阳-山海关全线解决了水损害又出现了车辙的现状及其原因后,提出为防止一个倾向掩盖另一个倾向,应以综合平衡为指导思想。论文指出实现综合平衡从按多指标要求设计混合料发展到以分工论为基础的结构层功能设计外,还应针对当前工程实际,加强以施工过程控制为基础的工程质量变异性的控制。     

略论如何提高《水运技术词典》的编写质量

科学技术的进步，也包括科技图书出版事业的发展。交通部黄镇东部长曾说过：“交通战线上有两种工程，一种是港口、码头、道路、桥梁等基本建设工程；一种是图书出版等文化工程。《水运技术词典》就是一项十分重要的文化工程。”他对该项工作十分重视，并亲任编委会主任。本文作者是该书的副主编，从准确性、先进性、严谨性等出发就立目、释义、内容等几个方面论述了如何提高《水运技术词典》的编写质量。     

石板岭隧道F4断层涌水处理方案探讨

针对隧道F4断层涌水现象，深层次的分析原因，根据实际工程水文地质情况提出处治原则、具体措施及施工程序、工艺、要求，并进行了深入探讨。     

岩溶隧道突水突泥预报综合评估

基于层次分析法建立岩溶隧道突水突泥预报综合评估的模型,分析发生突水突泥的地质因素、综合预报方法及预报解译因素,通过对它们之间联系的剖析,研究各项预报解译因素在评估突水突泥中的影响权值,根据不同预报解译因素的评价,结合其在整个评估体系的影响权值,得到被评估段落的突水突泥的综合评估结论。研究表明,基于层次分析法的评估可以灵活系统的根据综合预报的各项解译因素,综合评估岩溶段落突水突泥发生的可能性,可灵活应用于动态实时综合预报评估。