不同方法对南黄海重现波高计算值的影响

采用SWAN波浪模型对江苏南黄海地区1979~2018年共40 a的波况进行模拟及验证,将模拟结果与实测资料进行比对,吻合良好。百年重现波高分布通过基于年极值和月极值的广义极值分布函数(GEV)和超阈值取值方法(POT)的广义帕累托分布模型(GP)计算得出。计算结果表明,不同方法的计算结果在辐射沙洲北部地区差别最大,采用月极值所得重现波高偏小,采用年极值计算的重现波高在辐射沙洲南北外围地区最大,其余地区则以POT方法为大值。在分别采用不同数据长度计算重现波高的试验中得出,取月极值的GEV分布计算结果对时间跨度的改变不敏感,而取年极值受之影响最大,POT方法介于两者之间。     

黏性场地列车荷载影响下衬砌半渗透边界盾构隧道诱发地表固结沉降解

列车荷载作用下衬砌长期渗漏会显著影响软土盾构隧道周围土体的固结沉降，对邻近环境和地铁的安全运营造成不良影响。针对盾构隧道周围土体固结沉降的既有理论研究一般多考虑衬砌不透水条件，较少考虑衬砌渗漏水及列车荷载耦合作用对于地层固结沉降的影响。引入隧道衬砌半渗透边界和列车三角形循环时效荷载，基于Terzaghi-Rendulic固结理论，采用Boltzmann三元件模型模拟土体流变效应，推导了列车荷载作用下黏弹性地层盾构隧道渗漏水诱发的土体超孔隙水压力消散和地表固结沉降的复变函数解析表达式，并与6个工程实测数据进行对比，验证了所给出解析解的正确性与适用性。此外，通过参数分析讨论了衬砌-土体渗透比和列车荷载参数对土体固结沉降的影响。结果表明：衬砌-土体渗透比是影响盾构扰动地层固结快慢的主要影响因素，衬砌-土体渗透比越大，固结完成时间越早；列车荷载作用下，早期固结沉降速率相较于不考虑列车荷载时会有较明显的增加，但在列车荷载当量增加后，固结沉降速率的增长有所放缓，且其增量与衬砌-土体渗透比密切相关，衬砌-土体渗透比越大，沉降增加量则越大；隧道衬砌可以视为扰动地层的排水边界，其加速了土体固结沉降，而列车荷载与衬砌半渗透性耦合，进一步改变了土体固结沉降形态。     

浅析企业标准工班建设

班组是企业的细胞,班组建设的好坏深刻影响一个企业的方方面面。本文就如何进行标准班组建设与管理作一浅析。     

On finite sample performance of confidence intervals methods for willingness to pay measures

This paper systematically compares finite sample performances of methods to build confidence intervals for willingness to pay measures in a choice modeling context. It contributes to the field by also considering methods developed in other research fields. Various scenarios are evaluated under an extensive Monte Carlo study. Results show that the commonly used Delta method, producing symmetric intervals around the point estimate, often fails to account for skewness in the estimated willingness to pay distribution. Both the Fieller method and the likelihood ratio test inversion method produce more realistic confidence intervals for small samples. Some bootstrap methods also perform reasonably well, in terms of effective coverage. Finally, empirical data are used to illustrate an application of the methods considered.     

准兴重载高速A0合同段风积砂路基最大干密度实验研究

通过室内振动、重型击实实验,结合现场实际施工情况,对确定风积砂最大干密度的各种实验方法进行了对比,分析振动与重型击实各自的特点,得出在该项目段确定风积砂最大干密度和最佳含水率的方法。     

斜穿地裂缝黄土地铁隧道施工诱发的地表沉降及隧道变形规律研究

研究地裂缝影响区内存在可弱化土体的不利因素情况下,西安黄土地区地铁隧道暗挖斜穿地裂缝施工所诱发的地表及隧道相关变形规律。通过FLAC3D模拟预测施工变形规律,并与实际监测数据进行对比分析,得到以下结论:(1)FLAC3D模拟表明,隧道暗挖施工穿越地裂缝时裂缝临近处收敛值会在初期出现短暂负收敛现象;(2)地表在地裂缝影响带的差异沉降发展集中在穿越前和穿越过程中,而拱顶上下盘差异沉降主要集中在穿越过程中;(3)当地裂缝影响带内存在可弱化土体强度的不利因素时,地表最终沉降的峰值点会向不利因素处移动;(4)拱顶最终沉降的峰值点基本在隧道轴线和裂缝的相交处,其受地表的土体弱化因素影响较小。     

镍铁渣加筋路堤填筑方法及足尺试验

通过室内试验和现场足尺试验研究了镍铁渣加筋路堤的填筑方法及应用效果。首先，通过现场取样测试了广青镍铁渣的化学成分、环境影响特性及其工程材料特性。其次，提出了基于土工格栅加筋和改性土包边的镍铁渣路堤断面形式，总结了施工工艺。然后，开展了镍铁渣加筋路堤现场足尺试验，获得了镍铁渣加筋路堤施工期及工后的沉降量、水平位移、土压力及孔隙水压力的变化规律曲线。结果表明：土工格栅加筋填筑后的镍铁渣密度为1.76~1.88 g·cm^-3，平均压实度可达93.0%。各层镍铁渣的沉降主要发生在施工期，工后沉降和沉降速率均较小。施工期最大沉降为26.24 mm，发生在路堤中部第2层镍铁渣处，小于预测值40.60 mm；实测路堤总沉降最大值为55.51 mm，小于预测值73.50 mm。上路堤施工导致第5层镍铁渣局部产生了29.64 mm水平位移，但工后各层镍铁渣的水平位移几乎为0。各层镍铁渣底的土压力呈阶梯形变化，土压力实测值与理论值吻合较好；上路堤施工对第4，5层镍铁渣影响较大，可在下路堤顶面以下1.5 m范围内增设土工格栅。厂区重车荷载传递到各层镍铁渣底的附加应力较小，路堤安全稳定性较好。上述研究表明，广青镍铁渣属于一般固体废弃物，排水性良好，浸水膨胀率低，对环境无毒害，经加筋处治后，可直接入场（非预处理）填筑，其变形和稳定性均满足路用要求。     

Economies of density and factor substitution in Dublin city bus services — a translog approach

The primary aim of the paper is to determine a short‐run cost function for Dublin City Bus Services (DCS), using a translog approach. The results show that there are significant economies of density in the transit operation. The results also indicate that the structure of DCS is characterised by a homothetic production function and that partial elasticities of substitution are non‐unitary.     

Spectral and time‐frequency analyses of freeway traffic flow

This paper uses spectral and time‐frequency analyses to treat three macroscopic traffic characteristics, namely, time mean speed, volume and occupancy as stochastic processes. Spectral and time‐frequency analyses are performed to characterize power spectral density (PSD), cross‐PSD, autocorrelation and cross‐correlation of these characteristics using TransGuide traffic data collected from four different freeways. It is found that low‐frequency components dominate the PSDs of speed, volume and occupancy at all times. The magnitude of PSDs decreases dramatically as frequency increases and remains almost at a constant level in high‐frequency regimes. A power law is found to exist, which describes the relationship between the frequency and the PSD of traffic characteristics. It is also found that speed can be properly modeled by a narrowband low‐pass stochastic process in a low‐frequency regime and by a nonzero mean white noise in a high‐frequency regime. Strong periodicities and synchronization are both shown in traffic flow. A variety of frequencies can be excited by congestion, and there is no dominant frequency found in stop‐and‐go traffic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新近回填土地层隧道方案研究与分析

为解决新近回填土地层修建隧道及山区沟谷地形厚层回填土明洞基底处理的难题,依托巫山县早阳隧道开展研究工作。首先,对回填土地层隧道暗挖方案和明洞方案进行详细介绍和综合比选; 然后,将旋挖钻孔灌注端承桩与钢筋混凝土底板组成的桩板结构用于山区沟谷地形明洞基底回填土处理; 最后,针对明洞衬砌顶部承受的厚层回填土荷载及上方交叉市政道路荷载,对明洞衬砌结构进行设计计算,并对明洞回填材料及回填工艺提出要求。结果表明: 1)新近回填土地层隧道明洞方案具有工程难度低、施工安全风险小、工程造价低、工期可控的优势。2)旋挖钻孔灌注端承桩与钢筋混凝土底板形成的桩板结构对于山区沟谷地形厚层新近回填土具有良好的适应性,安全高效,能够较好地解决明洞基底承载力不足及沉降问题。3)合适的回填材料及合理的回填工艺对厚层回填土明洞衬砌结构有重要的保护作用。