A Two-Stage Optimization Model for Staggered Work Hours

Traditional or standard work schedules refer to the requirement that workers must be at work the same days and during the same hours each day. This requirement constrains work-related trip arrivals, and generates morning and afternoon peak hours due to the concentration of work days and/or work hours. Alternative work schedules seek to reschedule work activities away from this traditional requirement. The aim is to flatten the peak hours by spreading the demand (i.e., assigning it to the shoulders of the peak hour), lowering the peak demand. This not only would reduce societal costs but also can help to minimize the physical requirements. In this article, a two-stage optimization model is presented to quantify the effects of staggered work hours under incentive policies. In the first stage, a variation of the generalized quadratic assignment problem is used to represent the firm’s assignment of workers to different work starting times. This is the input of a nonlinear complementarity problem that captures the behavior of the users of the transportation network who are seeking to overcome the constraints imposed by working schedules (arrival times). Two examples are provided to show how the model can be used to (a) quantify the effects and response of the firm to external incentives and (b) evaluate what type of arrangements in starting times are to be made in order to achieve a social optimum.     

汽车空调系统浅谈

随着人们对于汽车乘坐舒适性要求的不断提高,汽车空调得到长足发展,本文对汽车空调的定义、发展历程、工作特点做了说明,并按照动力源和结构形式的不同对其进行了分类,最后着重介绍了汽车空调系统组成及工作过程,介绍结构、工作情况时做到图文并茂,条理清晰,通俗易懂。     

浅析浆砌料石板拱茶江桥的工作性能

文章以旧桥浆砌料石板拱茶江桥为工程背景,采用外观检测方法对该桥病害类型进行结构分析、荷载试验和承载力分析,评价茶江桥的工作性能,并提出相应的加固设计方案,为今后该类型旧桥的检测及加固维修提供经验借鉴。     

上海轨道交通11号线南段地铁隧道中隔墙施工技术

上海轨道交通11号线南段工程在国内首次采用1158 m泥水平衡盾构施工,并运用钢筋混凝土墙板结构分隔单圆空间,形成单管双线地铁隧道。结合施工进度要求和现场环境条件,首创特制机械拼装预制中隔墙技术,可大幅度提高施工效率和工程质量。文章就中隔墙施工关键技术（如预制件吊装施工技术、预制中隔墙安装临时支撑技术、预制件顶部传力杆安装技术）进行阐述。     

大型数据库管理系统中主机性能测评及工作模式设计

本文针对大型数据库管理系统中缺乏平台质量评测手段的问题,建立了TPC-C基准评测体系。首先介绍了主机性能评测的通用原则,然后分析了TPC-C基准评测体系的模型结构和原理,最后提出了根据业务特点推算主机处理能力的TPC-C基准评测方法,同时设计了主机系统的工作模式。     

Influence of the residential and work environment on car use in dual-earner households

This paper analyses whether the decision to commute by car is influenced by built environment characteristics of residential neighbourhoods and, more especially, of work locations, taking into account interdependencies between household partners. It shows that the residential environment only affects car use among single-earners. Conversely, for all commuters, but in particular for dual-earners, characteristics of the work location affect whether they commute by car. Even in dual-earner households with two cars, work environment plays a role. We found that in cases of dual-earners with only one car, the partners with the longest commuting distances and the lowest density work locations are most likely to commute by car. Moreover, in households with young children, men are more inclined to leave the car at home. Other features relating to work also affect car commuting, including work flexibility and, especially, possession of a company car. We conclude that future policies aimed at reducing car use should place greater focus on work factors.     

Time-dependent drivers’ merging behavior model in work zone merging areas

This study investigates the drivers’ merging behavior in work zone merging areas during the entire merging implementation period from the time of starting a merging maneuver to that of completing the maneuver. With the actual work zone merging traffic data, we propose a time-dependent logistic regression model considering the possible time-varying effects of influencing factors, and a standard logistic regression model for the purpose of model comparison. Model comparison results show that the time-dependent model performs better than the standard model because the former can provide higher prediction accuracy. The time-dependent model results show that seven factors exhibit time-varying effects on the drivers’ merging behavior, including merging vehicle speed, through lane lead vehicle speed and through lane lag vehicle speed, longitudinal gap between the merging and lead vehicles, longitudinal gap between the merging and through lane lead vehicles, types of through lane lead and through lane lag vehicles. Interestingly, both the through lane lead vehicle speed and the through lane lag vehicle speed are found to exhibit heterogeneous effects at different times of the merging implementation period. One important finding from this study is that the merging vehicle has a decreasing willingness to take the choice of “complete a merging maneuver” as the elapsed time increases if the through lane lead vehicle is a heavy vehicle.     

LCI型路缘石自动成型机

LCI型路缘石自动成型机是一种利用沥青混合料修筑道路路缘的专用设备。本文主要介绍了该机工作原理、技术参数、结构设计、沥青混合料的配制及施工工艺。     

用科学发展观统领地方铁路工作为地方经济和社会发展做出更大贡献

“十五”期间,在铁路跨越式发展的形势下,全国地方铁路工作取得突出成绩,在地方铁路建设和满足铁路运输需求方面发挥了重要作用。按照铁路“十一五”发展规划的总体思路,地方铁路将加强行业管理力度,结合铁道部与各省、市、自治区签订的铁路建设纪要和地方铁路建设的需求,配合铁路干线的规划搞好地方铁路的规划和建设,促进区域经济的发展。2006年,地方铁路将转变发展观念,创新发展模式,提高发展质量,建立更适应地方铁路的建设模式和运营模式。     

强化机遇意识实现良好开局全面开创铁路计划工作的新局面

推进铁路跨越式发展,做好“十一五”规划的落实工作和2006年计划工作,要进一步提高对加快铁路发展的认识,增强加快铁路发展的机遇意识,继续发扬苦干实干拼命干精神,铁道部发展计划司、设计单位和建设单位要明确职责、加强协调,进一步加强资金管理,优化设计方案、降低成本,提高资金使用效益,并充分调动地方政府、合资公司等各方积极性,全面开创铁路计划工作新局面。