COVID-19 Interpretable Diagnosis Algorithm Based on a Small Number of Chest X-Ray Samples

The COVID-19 medical diagnosis method based on individual's chest X-ray (CXR) is achieved dif-ficultly in the initial research,owing to difficulties in identifying CXR data of COVID-19 individuals.At the beginning of the study,infected individuals' CXRs were scarce.The combination of artificial intelligence (AI)and medical diagnosis has been advanced and popular.To solve the difficulties,the interpretability analysis of AI model was used to explore the pathological characteristics of CXR samples infected with COVID-19 and assist in medical diagnosis.The dataset was expanded by data augmentation to avoid overfitting.Transfer learning was used to test different pre-trained models and the unique output layers were designed to complete the model training with few samples.In this study,the output results of four pre-trained models in three different output layers were compared,and the results after data augmentation were compared with the results of the original dataset.The control variable method was used to conduct independent tests of 24 groups.Finally,99.23％ accuracy and 98％recall rate were obtained,and the visual results of CXR interpretability analysis were displayed.The network of COVID-19 interpretable diagnosis algorithm has the characteristics of high generalization and lightweight.It can be quickly applied to other urgent tasks with insufficient experimental data.At the same time,interpretability analysis brings new possibilities for medical diagnosis.     

析晶过程中盐渍土的微观结构变化

为了揭示易溶盐析晶过程中对盐渍土强度的影响机理,用环境扫描电子显微镜及X射线能谱（EDX）,对盐渍土的微观结构进行了分析,探讨了易溶盐析晶对土强度的影响;通过对自然脱水干燥前后盐渍土的强度试验,探讨了微观结构变化对土强度的影响.研究结果表明：析晶前后盐渍土的微观结构特征明显不同——析晶前为盐-土混容态包裹土团粒结构;析晶后为晶体土颗粒共混结构,从而使土体强度显著提高.     

Research on online texture measurements in metal rolling field

In rolled strip material, the orientation of the crystallites, known as texture, is influenced by various kinds of thermo-mechanical processes, such as casting, plastic deformation, annealing and phase transformation. The modern industry production requires stable product performance, real-time monitoring and full controlling of the quality. The online texture measurement in metal rolling can be used to real-time monitor the whole process, and then feedback control to the production process can be implied to adjust the process parameters to ensure the stability of the products. The principles, advantages and disadvantages of related detection methods (2D X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, laser-ultrasonics and electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT)) and the possibility of online measurement are discussed. Finally, 2D X-ray diffraction and laser-ultrasonics are employed on online texture measurement, and the schemes of online texture measurement are proposed.     

孔隙介质中含砷聚集物的三维成像

为观测砷沉积导致的孔隙介质内部结构的改变,采用X射线差异微断层扫描技术,扫描从Loa流域获得的河床沉积物和实验室配制的含砷样品,对含砷聚集物在孔隙介质中的分布进行了成像分析.经过图像处理去除图像上的噪点和增强图像中砷的信息,获得了孔隙介质中含砷聚集物的三维数据组;采用Avizo 6和Blob3D等工具,对三维数据组进行重建和可视化.成像显示:大量含砷聚集物沉积在介质孔隙和介质表面;不同尺寸聚集物的形态呈现出明显的多样化特征——小颗粒聚集物趋于球形,大颗粒聚集物则趋于扁平状.研究表明,该技术可在不破坏样品的前提下,实现对孔隙介质沉积前后内部结构变化的直接观测.     

后张预应力混凝土结构灌浆空洞X射线无损检测的试验研究

利用国内现有的钢结构X射线探伤设备,对后张预应力混凝土结构中灌浆空洞和预应力筋束的断丝进行无损检测的试验研究。基于混凝土内空洞的X射线透照原理,提出了波纹管内灌浆空洞的透照方法及技术指标,包括管电压、曝光时间、焦距和灵敏度等。不同强度和不同厚度混凝土试块的透照试验表明：在相同的照片黑度范围内,透照同标号混凝土的管电压和曝光时间随着混凝土厚度的增加而明显增加;在相同的透照参数下,同厚度不同标号混凝土的照片黑度差异较小;混凝土一钢材的厚度等效系数可近似取为0．2。最后,在对大量底片分析研究的基础上,给出了判别金属波纹管和PVC波纹管（包括圆形和扁形两种形式）内灌浆空洞及预应力筋束断丝的方法和步骤。     

船用高强度钢焊接残余应力测量技术研究

本文研究采用纯弯曲梁法对高强度钢X射线弹性常数(XECs)进行了试验测定;研究分析了试件表面电解腐蚀前后以及不同的电解腐蚀深度对残余应力测量结果的影响,分析得到对钢结构表面预处理的操作方法。最后进行了高强度钢平板焊接试板残余应力测量验证试验,并与数据仿真结果进行了比较,试验结果表明：试板焊接残余应力分布与数值仿真结果基本一致;其中有2/3的比对测点的残余应力测量偏差小于±25MPa。     

管道环焊缝数字射线检测软件设计

X射线平板探测器数字成像是一项现代射线检测技术。由于X射线探测器的图像质量和包含的信息远远超过普通胶片成像,该技术代表了射线检测技术的发展方向。基于平板探测器的管道环焊缝数字射线成像系统的特点,对降低图像质量因素进行仔细研究,对随机噪声、像元响应不一致等降低图像质量因素进行了有效的抑制,完成了管道环焊缝数字射线检测软件的设计和编程,实现了检测图像的动态拼接和管道环焊缝数字射线检测系统的现场应用。     

大型核电厚壁结构X射线衍射法残余应力测试

采用X射线衍射法（ XRD）对大型核电厚壁结构堆芯板端面、堆芯板与吊篮筒体环焊缝焊前焊后残余应力进行无损测量。研究堆芯板端面、环焊缝焊前焊后残余应力的分布情况及变化规律。结果表明：堆芯板焊前残余应力主要是机加工应力,且焊接过程对其残余应力影响不大;1＃和2＃堆芯板环焊缝轴向残余应力分布趋势明显,呈现焊缝为压应力,母材为拉应力;测试的环向应力在各区域分布不一致;焊接对远离焊缝区域的应力没有影响,远离焊缝区域呈现较大的加工应力。     

X射线荧光光谱分析在竞争车型分析中的应用

使用X射线测试仪可以直接测得金属材料中的合金成分,将获知的金属成分和已知材料成分进行比对,可以得知竞争车型中使用的金属材料情况;用X射线测试仪测试座椅皮革可以快速辨别面料的种类和处理工艺;可以通过测量制动盘表面涂层中锌和铝的含量来判断制动盘的长期防腐能力;也可以通过使用X射线测量仪得知竞争车型车身是否采用镀锌钢板及镀锌层厚度。     

Correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts I.

Objective To study the relationships between cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts and quantitative CT measures and to determine the independent correlative factors of cognitive impairment. Methods Neuropsychological examination was conducted for 128 patients with acute lacunar infarct. Number, location, and volume of infarcts, cerebral atrophy index and severity of white matter lesions （WMLs） were measured and recorded. Results The number of lacunar infarcts in cognitive impairment （CI） group was significantly larger than that in cognitive normal （CN） group. Mean width of sulcns and sylvian fissure, index of frontal horn and ventricular-brain ratio （VBR） were significantly different in both groups. There were more patients with 3 grades or 4 grades WMLs in CI group （62%） than those in CN group （22%）. The total volume of lacunar infarcts showed no statistically significant difference. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the number of lacunar infarcts in frontal subcortex and thalamus, the volume of infarcts in anterior periventricular white matter, width of cerebral sulcns and sylvian fissure were correlated with cognitive impairment respectively. Additionally, age and education were correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarct. Conclusion Correlative factors of cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarct are not merely one feature, but a combination of infarct features （number, location, and volume）, cortical atrophy and host factors （age and education）.