Road traffic conditions in Kenya: Exploring the policies and traffic cultures from unstructured user-generated data using NLP

Road traffic accidents (RTA) are a prevalent cause of fatality with African countries having the highest fatality index (25–34 per quota). The World Health Organization estimates Kenya's fatality rate due to RTA at 28 per quota. From literature, the country's fatality and injuries have increased by 26% and 46.5%, respectively, since the year 2015. The country is faced with incomplete RTA data capturing, hindering effective planning and policy adjustments to curb the menace. In this paper, we scrapped user-generated data (Twitter) and national transport and safety authority's (NTSA) reports to shed light on traffic safety, practices, and cultures in the country. To this end, we gathered 1,000,000 tweets and 8000 speeding entries between 2015 and 2021 and performed natural language processing (NLP) and quantitative study of the data. We applied NLP and n-gram search of keywords to categorize data into 8 topics: traffic, public service vehicle (PSVs), policing, accident, infrastructure, recklessness, robbery, and corruption. From the data, policing, which touches on all police and law-enforcement-related activity was found to be highly correlated with PSVs, recklessness, accidents, traffic congestion, robbery, infrastructure, and corruption with indices of r(76) = 0.92, 0. 91, 0.87, 0.82, 0.81, 0.76, and 0.70, respectively with p < 0.001. The topic modeling confirmed the identified topics to be the latent discussion issues affecting the public. From the study, PSVs, policing and traffic flow were isolated as key issues that ought to be addressed immediately. The research recommended the integration of driver monitoring systems to strengthen policing. The research, which utilized unstructured data, points to the utility of data mining which would greatly benefit traffic research, particularly African-based studies, that suffer from data inadequacy.     

地方铁路移动通信制式探讨

近年来,在国家政策的大力支持下,地方铁路蓬勃发展,由地方人民政府主导设计、施工建设,国家铁路主管部门提供必要的技术支持和施建审批。移动通信制式选择时,需依据铁路经营管理模式、机车交路、业务需求等不同特点,结合技术制式的频率资源可实施性、先进性、成熟度、运营维护是否方便、工程经济性等因素,合理选择方案。本文介绍了地方铁路目前主流的经营管理模式;研究了影响移动通信制式选择的因素;阐述了GSM-R、DMR、LTE、5G四种可选移动通信制式特性;并重点对四种可选制式从不同维度进行详细比选。     

What are the implications of climate change for trans-Atlantic aircraft routing and flight time?

The effect of wind changes on aircraft routing has been identified as a potential impact of climate change on aviation. This is of particular interest for trans-Atlantic flights, where the pattern of upper-level winds over the north Atlantic, in particular the location and strength of the jet stream, strongly influences both the optimal flight route and the resulting flight time. Eastbound trans-Atlantic flights can often be routed to take advantage of the strong tailwinds in the jet stream, shortening the flight time and reducing fuel consumption. Here we investigate the impact of climate change on upper-level winds over the north Atlantic, using five climate model simulations from the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, considering a high greenhouse-gas emissions scenario. The impact on aircraft routing and flight time are quantified using flight routing software. The climate models agree that the jet stream will be on average located 1° further north, with a small increase in mean strength, by 2100. However daily variations in both its location and speed are significantly larger than the magnitude of any changes due to climate change. The net effect of climate change on trans-Atlantic aircraft routes is small; in the annual-mean eastbound routes are 1 min shorter and located further north and westbound routes are 1 min longer and more spread out around the great circle. There are, however, seasonal variations; route time changes are larger in winter, while in summer both eastbound and westbound route times increase.     

中国至尼泊尔跨境铁路最大坡度研究

中国至尼泊尔跨境铁路穿越喜马拉雅山脉,具有显著的地形高差,海拔从佩枯错4 600 m急骤下降至加德满都1 360 m,部分地段自然纵坡达50‰及以上,需要采用较大坡度以适应地形。在分析国内外大坡度铁路使用及发展的基础上,结合项目地形特点对坡度方案进行分段研究,重点对佩枯错至加德满都段最大坡度方案从运输安全性、运输质量、运输能力和运输经济性等方面综合分析论证。结合长大下坡紧急制动距离的要求,分析客货列车下坡限速,考虑牵引力、制动力、黏着力和车钩强度等限制条件,检算满足长大坡道客货列车牵引、制动安全的牵引质量和编挂辆数,并结合运输需求分析不同坡度方案能力适应性,通过模拟牵引计算比较列车运行速度,计算工程投资、机车购置费和运营费的费用现值,进行经济性比较。综合分析,本项目最大坡度日喀则至佩枯错段暂推荐采用13‰,佩枯错至加德满都段采用30‰。     

车辆段5T、AEI探测站维修作业通道开设方式探讨

本文针对铁路全封闭后,车辆段5T、AEI探测站维修人员进出困难的问题,提出了设置探测站作业通道需遵守的三条原则。归纳了栅栏直开、探测站双开门、围墙开门三种探测站作业通道的开设方式,比较各自优缺点和适用条件。建议在既有探测站增设作业通道时,需因地制宜,选择合理方案。在新建探测站工程时应同步进行作业通道的设计和施工。     

浅析呼和浩特西站计算机联锁改造

本文介绍了呼和浩特西站(DS6-K5B 计算机联锁系统)与呼和浩特站增加三线工程改造施工的相关过程和经验,重点阐述了大型站场含控制台改造需要注意的问题。     

本体论在军事信息系统建模中的应用研究

系统建模是复杂信息系统分析和设计的关键。本休论作为一种语义信息建模方法，对解决知识的“共享”和“重用”问题具有巨大潜力。在C^4ISR系统的建设过程中采用信息系统建模方法，尤其是引入本体论，对于C^4ISR系统综合集成具有重要意义。通过辨析信息系统、系统建模、本体论的概念，分析了IDEF5方法，对本体论在C^4ISR系统建模中的应用进行了探讨，并讨论了C^4ISR系统本体描述语言。     

海上风电安装船的发展趋势研究

随着海上风力发电产业的迅速发展,风电安装船需求越来越大,并且风电安装船是高附加值工程船,因此这一市场的吸引力将越来越受到造船界重视,竞争将越来越激烈,但海上风电场施工成本高、海上作业时间长及工期长等问题的存在延缓了海力发电产业的发展。因此,本文将着重对海上风电结构物施工、安装过程的单一海工设备发展进行浅析,为探索深水化、大型化、专业化、集成化的海上风电安装船来完成深海域基础施工及风机安装问题提供设计参考。     

船用反应堆主冷却剂泵建模研究与仿真

本文依据船用反应堆主泵试验数据,绘制了基于RELAP5程序的主泵全特性曲线,利用建立的数学仿真模型对主泵启动特性、惰转特性、稳态运行工况、高低速切换工况的响应过程进行分析。结果表明：主泵模型能够实现相应的仿真功能,较为准确地反映主泵的运行特性;船用主泵对转动惯量的要求较高;模型适用于后续对反应堆系统不同响应的分析,并可为主泵的设计及优化提供参考。     

北京地铁5号线折返追踪间隔分析

在城市轨道交通运行系统中,列车在折返区域的追踪间隔是单条线路提升运力的瓶颈.分析北京地铁5号线折返追踪间隔,以实现“列车2 min运行间隔”的目标.首先根据现场实测数据分析5号线列车在折返区域中的进站追踪能力、折返追踪能力和出站追踪能力,进而计算列车在折返区域的最小运行间隔;其次,基于列车运行图编制理论提出通过缩短列车站停时分、出入库时分、转台时分来减小列车折返追踪间隔的方法;最后,结合北京地铁实际的运营管理经验,从系统设计角度提出缩短城市轨道交通列车折返追踪间隔的技术手段和措施.