Investigation of ship waves in a narrow channel

This paper presents a discussion of the characteristics of ship waves in a narrow channel restricted by vertical walls, based on observed data and the results computed by a 2-D model. In the numerical model, the propagation of waves generated by a moving ship is simulated by solving 2-D depth-integrated Boussinesq equations. To get the boundary conditions at the location of the ship, the slender-ship approximation is employed. A field observation was carried out at a straight length of navigation channel. The ships targeted in the observations are two kinds of waterbuses with lengths of 28 and 24 m. The relative depth Froude number for the river current, an appropriate parameter for assessing the influence of the current on ship wave characteristics in a navigation channel, ranged from 0.47 to 0.76. The observed maximum wave height varied between 0.13 and 1.26 m. The maximum wave height of the wave train is sharply increased when the relative depth Froude number exceeds 0.6. The results computed by the present model agree fairly well with the observed data.     

凌津滩枢纽船闸下游近坝段航道整治研究

沅水梯级渠化最末一级凌津滩枢纽建成后,船闸下游引航道口门以下现行航道弯曲分汊、水浅流急、航道易淤积,船舶进出船闸困难,严重影响枢纽通航功能的发挥;在分析近坝河段航道碍航原因的基础上,通过水流和遥控自航船模、定床输沙物理模型试验,分别对左、右航线不同的工程整治方案进行研究优化;通过综合对比分析,废弃现行左线航道,选择右线开辟新航道,并针对存在的问题提出相关对策。     

Modelling nutrient fluxes from sub-arctic basins: Comparison of pristine vs. dammed rivers

The deterministic Riverstrahler model of river functioning is applied for the first time to sub-arctic catchments. Seasonal nutrient (N, P, Si) deliveries to the coastal zone are simulated, and nutrient annual fluxes are established for the nearly pristine river Kalix (hereafter called Kalixälven) and the heavily dammed river Lule, (hereafter called Luleälven) both located in Northern Sweden and draining into the Bothnian Bay, Baltic Sea.For Kalixälven simulations are performed with a runoff calculated from precipitation, evapo-transpiration and temperature data for the period 1990–1999, using a hydrological model calibrated on observed monthly discharges at the river outlet. The same hydrological parameters are used to calculate specific runoff for the Luleälven basin in absence of dam regulation. Reservoir filling and emptying are simulated using a simplified representation of their management rules. Diffuse sources of nutrient are evaluated according to land cover of the catchment. The simulated seasonal trends are within the range of the observed data, in particular for discharge, dissolved silica, total phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen and total organic carbon. Specific runoff is 50% higher in the Luleälven than in the Kalixälven watershed due to higher altitudes and precipitations. Average silica, nitrate and phosphorus concentrations are much lower in Luleälven than in Kalixälven. Comparison of model results for the Luleälven with and without dams shows a reduction of respectively 25% and 30% in silica and phosphorus fluxes delivered at the outlet, while nitrogen delivery is increased by 10% in the dammed vs. undammed river system. The model allows assessing the respective role of reservoir trapping of nutrient in the reservoir through algal uptake and sedimentation, and of changes in the vegetation induced by flooding the valley formerly covered by forests and wetlands.     

珠三角实行区域年票制面临的主要难题及解决方案

鉴于珠三角区域公路收费年票制存在诸多问题和困难,针对年票制债务、收费标准、站点设置、高速公路代收路费及经营性公路回购等问题,对珠三角实行区域年票制的影响逐一分析,并提出了解决问题的方案.     

渝黔铁路新白沙沱长江特大桥施工关键技术

以某双层6线大跨度铁路钢桁梁斜拉桥为例,针对大桥设计荷载重,结构设计新颖、施工环境复杂的特点,对施工方案进行研究。提出了深水无覆盖层倾斜岩面基础施工技术、拼装式多用途桁片技术、跨多股道既有铁路干线顶推施工技术、双层铁路钢桁梁双悬臂架设施工技术4项技术要点,确保了大桥的安全快速优质建成。     

闽江下游感潮河道枯水动力特性变化分析

建立了闽江下游河道一维非恒定流数学模型,对枯水大潮条件下闽江下游河道沿程各断面的潮位、流量变化过程进行了模拟;结合历史实测资料,对闽江下游河道枯水条件下水动力特性及其变化进行了分析。结果表明,闽江下游河道潮区界、潮流界上溯明显,南北港涨潮流规律有所不同,南港分流比达30%左右,回复到1985年前水平,而干流及南北港河道河床严重下切是枯水动力条件变化的主要原因。     

上海丹巴路大挑臂的朝阳河桥设计

上海丹巴路朝阳河桥是跨越朝阳河的一座大挑臂三跨连续箱梁桥。该文重点介绍了该桥的上下部结构设计和计算分析,以及关键点的处理。其成果为今后类似桥梁的设计提供了一些有价值的技术资料和思路。     

通车50年的武汉长江大桥

研究目的：回顾50年前武汉长江大桥设计施工方面的一些问题,并介绍建成通车50年后的实际现状。研究方法：通过回顾武汉长江大桥设计施工各方面的问题,揭示出武汉长江大桥的创新技术对铁路、公路桥梁史的贡献。研究结论：武汉长江大桥质量经历了50年的考验,墩台无丝毫沉陷,钢梁主桁铆钉无一松动,全桥平、立面线型、拱度50年不变。武汉长江大桥的创新技术在此后的50年中,得到了不断的延伸扩展,铁路、公路桥梁又取得了辉煌的业绩。     

信江东大河复杂浅滩段航道整治方案比选

信江是鄱阳湖流域的五大河流之一,现状航道为Ⅶ级,不满足社会经济发展要求,信江下游拟通过渠化工程来提高航道等级。根据最新河道地形资料及实测水文资料建立工程段的平面二维水流泥沙数学模型并进行详细验证,对航道整治工程后的水流、泥沙冲淤进行计算。对东大河蔡家洲、干港口、磨盘洲3个重点滩险段航道现状及碍航特性进行分析,提出渠化工程后3个险滩段航道整治布置方案,综合考虑工程后的水流运动、工程量、行洪影响、航槽稳定等条件,综合比选得到3个险滩段的航道整治推荐方案及对蔡家洲滩进行工程方案优化,设计成果可为类似航道整治提供参考。     

BIM技术在长江上游铁水联运翻车机系统中的应用

针对长江上游铁水联运翻车机系统装卸流程复杂、设备与管线干涉多、室内布局紧凑、施工作业面窄等难点,采用BIM技术进行了多专业协同设计、干涉检查、模拟分析、动态交付及施工管控等应用研究,探索并实践了大型散货项目BIM实施的技术路线,为类似工程的BIM实施提供方法借鉴。分析表明:BIM技术可与复杂工程项目紧密融合,有助于提升设计、施工等阶段的效率、质量,以及指导项目实施和成本控制,在水运交通行业的潜能值得深度挖掘。