预应力混凝土梁板质量事故分析

通过对预应力混凝土梁、板在预制、安装、堆放和移运等过程中容易发生的质量问题进行分析,通过有关实例加以说明解释,并且提出一些注意事项和解决措施,以便提高预应力混凝土梁、板预制、安装的施工质量和技术水平。     

基于撞痕重合的汽车碰撞事故分析方法

对于某些难以确定碰撞地点的汽车碰撞事故,无法应用传统方法进行分析.为此,根据撞痕及最终停车位置等基本勘查信息,应用撞痕重合法再现事故车碰撞时相互啮合的状态.以最终停车位置反推碰撞后事故车质心可能的滑行轨迹,再用优化理论确定事故车碰撞位置.对一起汽车碰撞事故的分析表明,与根据常规二维碰撞理论计算的结果相比,用基于撞痕重合的方法计算的车速误差小于2%.     

事故车辆局部变形精细计算与模拟系统

在收集汽车碰撞事故相关典型案例基础上,以事故车辆局部复杂变形区域为研究对象,采用有限元方法、六面体网格生成算法及十节点曲边四面体对事故车辆变形部位变形前后划分网格.针对各网格单元,采用车辆动力学及弹性力学理论建立碰撞力计算模型以及碰撞瞬间速度计算模型.在汽车碰撞事故虚拟再现分析中,通过拟合网格单元以较高的计算精度得到事故发生前汽车的运动速度大小和方向.     

舰船事故配电系统优化设计

分析了国内外舰船事故配电系统的现状，并着重对国内新型舰船的事故配电系统优化设计作了介绍。     

车速鉴定中轮胎-路面附着系数估算方法研究

在交通事故鉴定中,车辆行驶速度是事故处理和诉讼的重要依据。其中,路面附着系数是事故车速鉴定的重要参数。本文在大量实验数据基础上,拟合出车辆制动过程的特性曲线,并简化出相应的车速估算模型。利用此模型对不同车型、路面类型、湿滑状况和不同车速情况下的路面附着系数e进行了估算研究。经估算实例验证,文中的估算方法对不同状况下的路面附着系数具有较好的估算能力。     

发展船员人身意外强制保险的探讨

文中介绍了现阶段船员人身意外伤害保险现状，阐述了建立专门的船员人身意外强制险的必要性，并对发展船员人身意外强制保险提出了一些设想。     

谈航标建设工程的安全管理

文中主要介绍了航标基础设施建设的特点，分析了航标建设过程中经常出现的安全事故类型及原因，提出了安全管理的防范措施。     

安全心理学与行车安全探析

从地铁运营的安全现状出发，指出了可能导致不安全因素的各种心理原因，并从心理学的角度分析了心理与行车安全的关系，总结了如何用安全心理学的知识来预防和控制事故的发生，以期对提高安全意识和安全管理水平有指导意义。     

Rollover risk prediction of heavy vehicles by reliability index and empirical modelling

This paper focuses on a combination of a reliability-based approach and an empirical modelling approach for rollover risk assessment of heavy vehicles. A reliability-based warning system is developed to alert the driver to a potential rollover before entering into a bend. The idea behind the proposed methodology is to estimate the rollover risk by the probability that the vehicle load transfer ratio (LTR) exceeds a critical threshold. Accordingly, a so-called reliability index may be used as a measure to assess the vehicle safe functioning. In the reliability method, computing the maximum of LTR requires to predict the vehicle dynamics over the bend which can be in some cases an intractable problem or time-consuming. With the aim of improving the reliability computation time, an empirical model is developed to substitute the vehicle dynamics and rollover models. This is done by using the SVM (Support Vector Machines) algorithm. The preliminary obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Fisheries in Iwaki after the Fukushima Dai'ichi Nuclear Accident: Lessons for Coastal Management under Conditions of High Uncertainty?

This article evaluates factors driving perception of risk and uncertainty in fisheries in Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, following the Fukushima Dai'ichi nuclear accident. Particular attention is paid to lessons that may be learned for managing uncertainties and risks in coastal management more generally. The 2011 accident has had profound effects on Fukushima fisheries. Commercial coastal fisheries have been stopped since, and efforts to understand and monitor the effects of marine radioactive contamination on produce from the sea continue. Small-scale trial fisheries have, however, re-commenced with a view to gradually re-starting Fukushima fisheries over time. Drawing on in-depth interviews, discussion groups, and field observations from Iwaki and Fukushima Prefecture more widely, three factors are discussed: the role of trusted local-level points of contact; the value of transparent monitoring and screening that acknowledges remaining limitations and uncertainties; and the importance of taking seriously the cultural dimensions of rapid and potentially irreversible environmental change.