某铸造和采石作业生产性粉尘的粒子结构和元素分析

调查研究某铸造作业和采石作业生产性粉尘成分的元素含量。用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能量色散仪测定某铸造作业翻砂车间、造型车矧、清砂车间和某采白作业生产性粉尘粒子的结构及各元素的百分含鼙。随着铸造用的砂粒结构向多面结构改变，其粉尘中各元素的百分舍最也随浇铸、高温发生改变，氧、硅、硫逐渐减少，铝、钙、铁逐渐增多，牛产性粉尘的粒子结构和元素成分发生变化。     

Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.     

导游欢迎词的中英文互译要领

导游欢迎词决定游客对导游人员产生"第一印象"的好坏。本文从欢迎词的定义,分类,五大要素的讲解入手,通过中英文欢迎词的范文、例子和常用套语、句型充分讲解导游欢迎词的翻译要点。     

数字摄影测量系统在道路选线中的应用研究

在铁路公路选线时,一般先用数字摄影测量系统对已知相机文件影像进行摄影测量处理,得到数字地面模型(DTM)和数字线画图(DLG),再进一步完成选线设计过程。时有单位因存在缺少相机文件情况,终止相关研究工作而造成经济损失。以温福铁路影像为原始资料的研究,在未知相机文件影像的情况下,提取了较高质量的选线资料。     

论环境成本的核算与应用

我国经济在快速发展,但环境污染现象也日趋严重。在某些行业,环境成本是一个相当惊人的数字。目前一些发达国家对环境成本内在化问题给予了高度重视,把生产产品所需的环境成本纳入其市场价格,以作为对自然资源和生态破坏的补偿,这对于我国企业也是一个很好的启示。只有更好地理解、精确地核算环境成本,并将环境成本列入企业成本,才会引起企业的高度重视,采取各种防范手段加强对环境污染的控制。     

轨道动力学模型与数值方法研究进展

随着列车速度的提高和轴重的增加,车辆与轨道之间的相互作用更加激烈.深入开展轮轨动态作用机理研究,对高速重载铁路安全平稳运行具有重要意义.文章回顾了轨道动力学模型的研究进展,重点介绍了五种轨道动力学模型及算法,即车辆-轨道-路基非线性耦合系统交叉迭代算法,新型车辆单元和轨道单元模型,列车轨道系统动态分析的移动单元法,移动...     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

基于有限元技术的构件疲劳寿命计算

以转8A型转向架侧架为例,介绍了有限元技术应用于构件疲劳寿命分析的过程。按照"准静态"方法将有限元分析得到的静态应力与实测的载荷时间历程相结合得到模型上各点应力时间历程,结合ZG230 450材料的S N关系进行了结构整体的疲劳寿命计算。有限元分析软件是I DEAS,疲劳寿命分析软件是FE FATIGUE。     

滑坡-隧道相互作用受力变形规律的研究

调查结果表明，相当数量修建于滑坡中的隧道因发生程度不同的病害而影响线路的正常运营。为研究滑坡－隧道间的相互作用机理及受力变形规律，应用接触问题的有限元算法对这一问题进行了计算分析。简要介绍了该算法的基本原理，并应用该法对一个工程实例进行了计算，根据计算结果对滑坡隧道的受力变形特征进行了分析。     

企业内部成本核算中的单价变更简易计算法

针对建筑企业内部成本核算与业主对计量的不同要求，以土石方工程为例，提出企业内部在合同实施过程中，应实事求是地进行分项工程单价调整，并给出简易计算公式。