钢桥桥面沥青铺装层直道试验研究

在钢桥模型上进行了6种沥青混合料铺装层直道疲劳试验和高温车辙试验，研究了重复加载过程中应变变化规律，分析了桥面铺装层疲劳开裂性能，比较了各方案高温稳定性能。     

Fatigue damage calculation for oil tanker and container ship structures

The fatigue behaviour of longitudinal stiffeners of oil tankers and container ships, subjected to dynamic loads, is analysed. The following dynamic load components are considered: hull girder vertical wave bending moment, alone and combined with the horizontal wave bending moment, hydrodynamic pressure and inertial forces caused by cargo acceleration.

The spectral method was selected to calculate the fatigue damage, based on S—N curves and Miner's rule. Following this approach, the fatigue damage may be calculated as a function of a stress parameter Ω_p, which represents the cumulative effect of wave induced loads in the unit of time and incorporates the combined effects of stress level and its occurring frequency.

Simple formulas for Ω_p of oil tankers and container ships are given, obtained from the results of hydrodynamic analyses performed on several ships, in different wave environments.

Several examples show the applicability of the methods to real ship structures. The method, however, still needs to be calibrated because of the simplifying hypotheses introduced in the loading conditions.     

钢桥面板纵肋顶板焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展的关键影响因素

正交异性钢桥面板疲劳问题突出，纵肋与顶板焊缝处是其关键疲劳易损部位，研究该部位疲劳裂纹的扩展过程并确定关键影响因素及其效应，有助于深刻理解其疲劳损伤机理。建立正交异性钢桥面板疲劳试验节段模型的有限元分析模型，将纵肋与顶板焊缝焊根处的疲劳裂纹近似为半椭圆形裂纹，基于断裂力学实现其扩展全过程的三维数值模拟。在此基础上研究初始裂纹的纵向位置和初始裂纹形状对疲劳裂纹扩展过程的影响，阐明扩展过程中的疲劳裂纹的形状变化，以及疲劳裂纹关键部位应力强度因子幅值的变化规律。研究表明：对于典型的正交异性钢桥面板纵肋与顶板焊缝，在纵向一段范围内，初始裂纹的纵向位置对裂纹扩展的影响不大；初始裂纹形状对裂纹扩展的影响主要体现在裂纹扩展的初始阶段，经过一段时间的扩展之后，不同形状的初始裂纹将演变为相对稳定的形状；持续一段时间后，裂纹将逐渐变得较为扁长；疲劳裂纹在深度方向上扩展超过约顶板厚度一半时，最深点的扩展速率将会减慢；深度相同的裂纹，形状越扁长时越倾向于向深度方向扩展，越不扁长时越倾向于向长度方向扩展。     

Driver fatigue: a vision-based approach to automatic diagnosis

In this paper, we describe a system that locates and tracks the eyes of a driver. The purpose of such a system is to perform detection of driver fatigue. By mounting a small camera inside the car, we can monitor the face of the driver and look for eye movements which indicate that the driver is no longer in condition to drive. In such a case, a warning signal should be issued. This paper describes how to find and track the eyes. We also describe a method that can determine if the eyes are open or closed. The primary criterion for this system is that it must be highly non-intrusive. The system must also operate regardless of the texture and the color of the face. It must also be able to handle changing conditions such as changes in light, shadows, reflections, etc. Initial experimental results are very promising even when the driver moves his/her head in a way such that the camera does not have a frontal view of the driver’s face.     

地铁基坑施工中水位监测数据累计值超标及其影响分析

福州地铁象峰站建设施工中出现水位监测数据持续超标,累计值限定的极限已经用完,但地表并未出现严重沉降的情况。从福州岩土工程特性方面分析了其产生原因,指出实际上出现了水位监测累计值失效的现象,提出了处理相关监测项目出现失效问题的方法。     

海洋工程用钢疲劳寿命与CTOD值关系的研究

通过对钻井平台上所用高强钢EQ70进行了韧度和疲劳性能的试验研究,得出了反映其韧度指标的裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)值和不同交变载荷下疲劳寿命值呈近似的线性关系.在应力幅值ΔP一定的情况下,疲劳寿命值N随着CTOD值的增大而增大,并且在高应力幅的时候,对数疲劳寿命和CTOD值有比较好的线性关系,最后还从微观意义上解释了产生这种关系的原因.     

粘层强度车辙疲劳试验研究

目前的粘层强度试验不能反映粘层的真实强度,鉴于此,先采用车辙仪碾压模拟道路实际运行环境,然后用拉拔、剪切试验测定车辙碾压后粘层的实际强度,并与车辙疲劳前粘层的强度进行对比。试验证明：该方法能真实地反映粘层强度,较目前常用的试验方法更为科学。     

8530TEU集装箱船舱口盖局部结构疲劳分析

对集装箱船舱口盖的局部结构疲劳载荷计算进行分析,基于S-N曲线提出疲劳寿命的分析方法,并对某8530TEU集装箱船的典型舱口盖结构进行计算,根据结果对结构作有益的改进。     

大型开敞式深水码头导管架结构管节点的疲劳分析

结合大连新港新建30万吨级(兼靠45万t)进口原油码头工程,以导管架结构为研究对象,阐述该结构管节点的疲劳计算方法,并计算开敞式码头导管架结构中管节点的疲劳寿命.结果表明管节点的疲劳寿命满足相应规范的要求,可为实际工程设计提供参考.     

机车车辆焊接结构疲劳分析关键问题研究

为确保铁道机车车辆各焊接承载部件在整个寿命期间安全可靠,在分析国际上对动态承载焊接结构疲劳研究的基础上,提出机车车辆焊接部件疲劳分析应明确的各类关键问题.主要包括焊接结构的疲劳特征、应力分析原则和应力谱的确定、疲劳评定方法和强度数据的选取、累积损伤准则的实际应用及多轴疲劳的处理方法等.疲劳理论经典算法表明,上述关键问题的较好解决将有助于大幅地提高疲劳分析精度,将其应用于结构设计可保证焊接承载部件具有足够的疲劳强度.